Ridogrel is a dual action drug used for the prevention of systemic thrombo-embolism and as an adjunctive agent to thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction. Ridogrel, a combined thromboxane synthase inhibitor, and receptor antagonist is used with streptokinase as an adjunctive therapy to reduce the formation and size of blood clots. Blood clots can cause ischemic cardiac events (heart attacks). Ridogrel has the dual property of inhibiting the synthesis of thromboxane and blocking the receptors of thromboxane/prostaglandin/endoperoxides. It has been shown to accelerate the speed of recanalization and to delay or prevent reocclusion during systemic thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator (streptokinase). Ridogrel is a more potent antiplatelet agent than aspirin and might offer an advantage over aspirin as an adjunct to thrombolysis in patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction. While aspirin inhibits cyclooxygenase, the enzyme responsible for producing thromboxane, ridogrel inhibits thromboxane synthesis directly. Ridogrel has been studied primarily as an adjunctive agent to thrombolytic therapy in acute MI (AMI). Despite positive results from initial pilot studies, the largest clinical study, the Ridogrel versus Aspirin Patency Trial (RAPT) failed to demonstrate any advantage with this agent over aspirin. In the study of 907 patients with AMI, there was no difference in the primary endpoint of infarct vessel patency rate between those randomized to ridogrel (72.2%) or aspirin (75.5%). Various mechanisms are likely responsible for the results seen with ridogrel in clinical trials, including potentially ineffective thromboxane receptor inhibition with the concentrations of ridogrel used in human studies. As such, there currently are no clinical indications for preferential use of ridogrel over aspirin.

Apan (PPI-1019) is the lead compound of a series of β-amyloid-derived peptides designed by Praecis Pharmaceuticals in the US to interact with β-amyloid peptide, facilitating its clearance. Apan is derived from the D-enantiomeric Cholyl-LVFFA-NH2. Apan is developed by Praecis Pharmaceuticals to treat Alzheimer's Disease. Apan inhibits the aggregation of beta-amyloid and its associated nerve cell toxicity. In addition, Apan reaches the brain in quantities that are sufficient to block the aggregation of beta-amyloid molecules and alter the course of the disease. PPI-1019 completed phase I and II clinical trials and was found to be safe, well tolerated and amenable to cross bbb. After peptide administration, levels of Aβ1-40 in the CSF increased, which might be discussed as a sign for Aβ clearance out of the brain. PI-1019 had been in phase I/II clinical trials by Praecis Pharmaceuticals (acquired by GlaxoSmithKline in 2007) for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease(AD). However, this study had been discontinued.

Perilla alcohol is a naturally occurring monoterpene related to limonene. It is isolated from the essential oils of lavender, peppermint, spearmint, cherries, celery seeds, and several other plants. It has been used topically as a mosquito repellant and in toiletries and may be touted as a constituent of natural products such as tart cherry juice. Perillyl alcohol has demonstrated antiangiogenesis and anticancer effects in vitro. Purported mechanism of action is suppression of the synthesis of small G proteins, including RAS, thereby arresting tumor cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Early clinical studies did not efficacy in prostate, ovarian or breast cancer, probably due to bad pharmacokinetic properties and toxicity after oral administration. More recent preliminary studies found intranasal delivery in patients with malignant gliomas to be well-tolerated and effective, with one study reporting tumor size regression, and another reporting increased overall survival and no side effects after long-term use.