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Restrict the search for
hydroquinone
to a specific field?
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
BENOQUIN by VALEANT PHARM INTL
(1952)
Source URL:
First approved in 1952
Source:
BENOQUIN by VALEANT PHARM INTL
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Monobenzone is a topical drug used for medical depigmentation. The mechanism of action of monobenzone is not fully understood. Monobenzone is oxidized by tyrosinase from melanocytes to a toxic quinones which induce non-apoptotic melanocyte cell death.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
First approved in 2015
Source:
Co-Balamin by Home Aide Diagnostics, Inc.
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
UBIQUINOL is a reduced form of coenzyme Q10, a lipid-soluble molecule that consists of an aromatic ring and a 10-unit isoprenoid chain. It is naturally produced by the body. A significant increase in plasma CoQ10 status observed after supplementation in one study suggested that UBIQUINOL is a better supplemental form to enhance the CoQ10 status than ubiquinone (the oxidized form of Q10). UBIQUINOL has also been found to reduce oxidative stress induced by strenuous exercise. Oxidative stress is associated with aging and many chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and cognitive decline. Ubiquinol has furthermore been shown to improve mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in the brain, and cognitive improvement was found as a result of Ubiquinol intake in chronic fatigue syndrome patients. UBIQUINOL is considered safe, but can have side effects such as upper abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea, diarrhea and headaches. CoQ10 might make blood-thinning drugs, such as warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven), less effective. This could increase the risk of a blood clot.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
21 CFR 348
(2014)
Source URL:
First approved in 2014
Source:
21 CFR 348
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Status:
First approved in 2002
Source:
21 CFR 358
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Conditions:
Arbutin, the beta-D-glucopyranoside of hydroquinone, is a skin whitening cosmetic ingredient. Compared with hydroquinone, arbutin is a less potent skin hyperpigmentation agent, but less toxic. Arbutin is found in a number of edible berry-producing plants such as blueberry and cranberry, marjoram, and most pear species. Chinchircoma (Muticia acuminatai) that contains arbutin, has been traditionally used by South American populations internally the fresh juice is used for gastric ulcers and internal tumors; the water of boiled leaves and flowers for illness of the respiratory tract; for hearth disorders or pain. According to pharmacological results in vitro, liver protective effects as well as anti-inflammatory activity were proven. It can also be beneficial for asthma and other anaphylactic reactions. This plant is component of the lsula Rain’s botanical products (Peru): ‘I-Day Digestive Cleanse #2.Herbal Supplement approved by FDA. As a hyperpigmentation agent arbutin inhibits tyrosinase and thus prevents the formation of melanin.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
ANDA086069
(2001)
Source URL:
First approved in 2001
Source:
ANDA086069
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) or 2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,4-benzenediol is an antioxdant found to inhibit lipid oxidation. Extensive studies have demonstrated that tBHQ exhibit anti-carcinogenic effect. The ability of tBHQ to induce phase II xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes through an Nrf2-dependent pathway is thought to be responsible for the observed protective effect of tBHQ. It has been proposed that tBHQ enhances Nrf2-mediated transcription by promoting reactive oxygen species-mediated dissociation of Nrf2-Keap1, Nrf2 stabilization, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt activity, and MAPK pathway activation. tBHQ has been commonly used as a synthetic food additive to prevent oils and fats from oxidative deterioration and rancidity due to its potent anti-lipid peroxidation activity.
