KETAZOLAM, a benzodiazepine with an additional d-face-fused heterocyclic ring, possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It is used for the treatment of anxiety and spasticity.

Bromazepam (marketed under several brand names, including Lectopam, Lexotan, Lexilium, Lexaurin, Brazepam, Rekotnil, and Lexotanil)[1] is a benzodiazepine derivative drug, patented by Roche in 1963 and developed clinically in the 1970s. It is mainly an anti-anxiety agent with similar side effects to diazepam (Valium). In addition to being used to treat anxiety or panic states, bromazepam may be used as a premedicant prior to minor surgery. Bromazepam typically comes in doses of 3 mg and 6 mg tablets.[5] Bromazepam is contraindicated and should be used with caution in women who are pregnant, the elderly, patients with a history of alcohol or other substance abuse disorders and children. Prolonged use of bromazepam causes tolerance and may lead to both physical and psychological dependence on the drug, and as a result, it is a medication which is controlled by international law. Bromazepam binds to the GABA receptor GABAA, causing a conformational change and increasing the inhibitory effects of GABA. Bromazepam is a long-acting benzodiazepine and is lipophilic and metabolized hepatically via oxidative pathways.

Phenobarbital is a barbiturate derivative used to treat insomnia and anxiety, seizures, hyperbilirubinemia in neonates and cholestasis. Phenobarbital promotes binding to inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid subtype receptors, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels.

CHLORAL BETAINE, a chemical complex of chloral hydrate and betaine, is a nonbarbiturate sedative and hypnotic. It is indicated for sleep induction, preoperative sedation, and daytime sedation. CHLORAL BETAINE is converted to chloral hydrate in the body and its action on the central nervous system is identical with that of chloral hydrate.

CHLORAL HYDRATE ANTIPYRINE is a 1:1 mixture of antipyrine with chloral hydrate. It was used as a hypnotic drug known as HYPNAL in the late 19th century.