5-Cyano-2,3-di-p-tolyltetrazolium chloride (CTC) has been used to determine the in situ number of "active" bacteria in different ecosystems. It is a widely used and accepted dye in environmental and ecological studies. The redox dye CTC is a good vital stain for estimating aerobic bacteria with high metabolic activity due to their ability to reduce CTC to the fluorescent product. The reduction to the fluorescently active formazan form occurs by CTC scavenging for electrons from the components of the electron transport system or dehydrogenases. The dye has been used in conjunction with the nucleic acid staining dye DAPI (sc-3598) to quantitate viable bacteria. CTC has been used to measure the redox activity of tumor cells.

2,4-thiazolidinedione (T-174) has been investigated for the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus in Japan. Oral administration of T-174 markedly improved hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia, hyperlipidaemia, and glucose intolerance in genetically obese and diabetic yellow KK (KK-Ay) mice. A hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp study in Zucker fatty rats showed an amelioration of whole-body insulin resistance by the T-174 treatment. Insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism was enhanced in adipocytes from KK-Ay mice treated with T-174. The insulin receptor number of the adipocytes was increased without a change in the affinity of the receptor. The hypomagnesaemia in KK-Ay mice was completely restored by T-174. T-174, developed as an antidiabetic drug, stimulated the transcription of PPAR gamma and the adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. T-174 induced the interaction between PPAR gamma and CBP (cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) binding protein), a co-factor of various transcription regulators.

Antimony sodium thioglycollate is an anthelmintic agent. It is a schistosomicide drug.

RES-529 (previously named Palomid 529, P529) is a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway inhibitor that interferes with the pathway through both mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) dissociation. P529 inhibits tumor growth, angiogenesis, and vascular permeability. It retains the beneficial aspects of tumor vascular normalization that rapamycin boasts. This compound is currently being developed in oncology and ophthalmology. The oncology focus is for the treatment of glioblastoma, where it has received orphan designation by the US Food and Drug Administration, and prostate cancer.

Actinium is a silvery radioactive metallic element. Actinium glows in the dark due to its intense radioactivity with a blue light. Actinium was discovered in 1899 by André-Louis Debierne, a French chemist, who separated it from pitchblende. Friedrich Otto Giesel independently discovered actinium in 1902. The chemical behavior of actinium is similar to that of the rare earth lanthanum. It is about 150 times as radioactive as radium, making it valuable as a neutron source. Otherwise it has no significant industrial applications. Actinium-225 is used in medicine to produce Bi-213 in a reusable generator or can be used alone as an agent for radio-immunotherapy. Alpha particle-emitting isotopes are being investigated in radioimmunotherapeutic applications because of their unparalleled cytotoxicity when targeted to cancer and their relative lack of toxicity towards untargeted normal tissue. Actinium- 225 has been developed into potent targeting drug constructs and is in clinical use against acute myelogenous leukemia. The key properties of the alpha particles generated by 225Ac are the following: i) limited range in tissue of a few cell diameters; ii) high linear energy transfer leading to dense radiation damage along each alpha track; iii) a 10 day halflife; and iv) four net alpha particles emitted per decay. Targeting 225Ac-drug constructs have potential in the treatment of cancer.

Isoxaflutole is a selective herbicide approved for control of certain broadleaf and grass weeds in field corn and soybean. Isoxaflutole is the first member of a new structural class of herbicides called the isoxazoles. Isoxaflutole works by preventing the biosynthesis of carotenoid pigmentsin both broadleaf and grass weeds. Without carotenoid pigments, chlorophyll pigments are damaged by the sun, and the plant eventually dies. Isoxaflutole is effective against weeds resistant to other herbicide classes such as glyphosate and atrazine. Isoxaflutole was registered conditionally from 1998 to 2004 for weed control in field corn. Isoxaflutole exhibited low acute toxicity via oral, dermal, and inhalation routes of exposure and it is not a dermal sensitizer. In long-term studies via the oral route, isoxaflutole caused ocular toxicity in rats, hepatotoxicity (including liver tumor formation) and thyroid tumors in rats and mice, and hematotoxicity (toxicity to blood) in dogs and mice at high doses. The liver and ocular toxicities observed in rats were consistent with the mode of action of isoxaflutole in mammals (i.e., inhibition of the hepatic enzyme 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)) that leads to a buildup of tyrosine in the blood and the eye.