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Restrict the search for
penicillin v
to a specific field?
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
Cedax
(1995)
Source URL:
First approved in 1995
Source:
Cedax
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Conditions:
Ceftibuten is a 3rd generation cephalosporin that is FDA approved for the treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, acute bacterial otitis media, pharyngitis and tonsillitis. Ceftibuten exerts its bactericidal action by binding to essential target proteins of the bacterial cell wall. This binding leads to inhibition of cell-wall synthesis. Common adverse reactions include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and headache. The effect of increased gastric pH on the bioavailability of ceftibuten was evaluated in 18 healthy adult volunteers. Each volunteer was administered one 400-mg ceftibuten capsule. A single dose of liquid antacid did not affect the Cmax or AUC of ceftibuten; however, 150 mg of ranitidine q12h for 3 days increased the ceftibuten Cmax by 23% and ceftibuten AUC by 16%.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
21 CFR 310.531(a) boil treatment cholesterol
Source URL:
First approved in 1992
Source:
21 CFR 352
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Cholesterol is a sterol (a combination steroid and alcohol) and a lipid found in the cell membranes of all body tissues, and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. The high level of cholesterol in the blood is a marker of hypercholesterolemia, also called dyslipidemia. As a part of homeopathic product, it helps to support general liver and gallbladder health, and is used for temporary relief of symptoms related to adrenal glands such as fatigue and low energy. Cholesterol binds to and affects the gating of a number of ion channels such as the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) Inwardly-rectifying K+ channels (Kir); Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channels (TRPV1) and Large-conductance Ca2+-sensitive voltage-gated K+ channels (BK). It was shown the new mechanistic insights into the role of cholesterol in the regulation of nAChR, showing that cholesterol regulates the channels by two distinct mechanisms: stabilization of the channels in a resting state that depends on specific lipid-protein interactions and facilitation of the transitions between uncoupled and coupled states that depends on the hydrophobic thickness of the membrane
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
LORABID by KING PHARMS
(1991)
Source URL:
First approved in 1991
Source:
LORABID by KING PHARMS
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Loracarbef (KT3777) is carbacephem antibiotic structurally identical to cefaclor, except that the sulfur atom of position 1 of the cephem nucleus has been replaced by carbon. It showed good affinity for penicillin-binding proteins. At low concentrations (< 2 mg/L) in vitro, it inhibits Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, beta-haemolytic streptococci groups B, C and G. Proteus mirabilis and Moraxella catarrhalis, including beta-lactamase-producing strains. At therapeutic plasma concentrations it is also active in vitro against most strains of Staphylococcus aureus, S. saprophyticus, Escherichia coli and beta-lactamase-positive and -negative strains of Haemophilus influenzae. Loracarbef has been indicated in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
ZEFAZONE by PHARMACIA AND UPJOHN
(1989)
Source URL:
First approved in 1989
Source:
ZEFAZONE by PHARMACIA AND UPJOHN
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Cefmetazole is a semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic. It has a broad spectrum of activity comparable to that of the second-generation cephalosporins, covering gram-positive, gram-negative, and anaerobic bacteria. Its bactericidal action results from inhibition of cell wall synthesis. It effectively treats abdominal and respiratory tract infections, pelvic inflammatory disease, urinary tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections and used for surgical prophylaxis, reducing or eliminating signs and symptoms of infection. Cefmetazole has a low frequency of adverse effects, and a side effect profile similar to that of other cephamycins. Adverse effects following overdosage have included nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress, diarrhea, and convulsions.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
CEFPIRAMIDE SODIUM by WYETH AYERST
(1989)
Source URL:
First approved in 1989
Source:
CEFPIRAMIDE SODIUM by WYETH AYERST
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Cefpiramide or SM-1652 (sodium 7-[D(-)-alpha-(4-hydroxy-6-methylpyridine-3-carboxamido)-alpha-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl) thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylate) is a semisynthetic cephalosporin derivative with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. This antibiotic has been reported to have potent in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities against gram-positive and -negative bacteria.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
CERADON by TAKEDA
(1988)
Source URL:
First approved in 1988
Source:
CERADON by TAKEDA
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Conditions:
Cefotiam is a third generation beta-lactam cephalosporin antibiotic. It has broad spectrum activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. It does not have activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The bactericidal activity of cefotiam results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis via affinity for penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs).
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
CEFMAX by TAP PHARM
(1987)
Source URL:
First approved in 1987
Source:
CEFMAX by TAP PHARM
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Cefmenoxime is a semisynthetic beta-lactam cephalosporin antibiotic with activity similar to that of cefotaxime. Like other 'third-generation' cephalosporins it is active in vitro against most common Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, is a potent inhibitor of Enterobacteriaceae (including beta-lactamase-producing strains), and is resistant to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases. Cefmenoxime has a high rate of clinical efficacy in many types of infection and is at least equal in clinical and bacteriological efficacy to several other cephalosporins in urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, postoperative infections and gonorrhoea. The bactericidal activity of cefmenoxime results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis via affinity for penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). Cefmenoxime is stable in the presence of a variety of b-lactamases, including penicillinases and some cephalosporinases. Cefmenoxime is marketed in Japan under the brand name Bestron, indicated for the treatment of otitis externa, otitis media, and sinusitis. Cefmenoxime hydrochloride was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on Dec 30, 1987. It was developed and marketed as Cefmax®, but it has being discontinued.
Status:
First approved in 1986
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Conditions:
Encainide is an antiarrhythmic drug, developed by Bristol Myers Co supplied 25 and 35 mg capsules for oral administration. Encainide is no longer used because of its frequent proarrhythmic side effects. The mechanisms of the antiarrhythmic effects of Enkaid are unknown but probably are the result of its ability to slow conduction, reduce membrane responsiveness, inhibit automaticity, and increase the ratio of the effective refractory period to action potential duration. Enkaid produces a differentially greater effect on the ischemic zone as compared with normal cells in the myocardium. This could result in the elimination of the disparity in the electrophysiologic properties between these two zones and eliminate pathways of abnormal impulse conduction, development of boundary currents and/or sites of abnormal impulse generation. The absorption of Enkaid after oral administration is nearly complete with peak plasma levels present 30 to 90 minutes after dosing. There are two major genetically determined patterns of encainide metabolism. In over 90% of patients, the drug is rapidly and extensively metabolized with an elimination half-life of 1 to 2 hours. These patients convert encainide to two active metabolites, O-demethylencainide (ODE) and 3-methoxy-O-demethylencainide (MODE), that are more active (on a per mg basis) than encainide itself. In less than 10% of patients, metabolism of encainide is slower and the estimated encainide elimination half-life is 6 to 11 hours. Slow metabolism of encainide is associated with a diminished ability to metabolize debrisoquin. Enkaid should be administered only after appropriate clinical assessment and the dosage of Enkaid must be individualized for each patient on the basis of therapeutic response and tolerance. The recommended initial dosing schedule for adults is one 25 mg Enkaid capsule t.i.d. at approximately 8-hour intervals.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
MONOCID by GLAXOSMITHKLINE
(1984)
Source URL:
First approved in 1984
Source:
MONOCID by GLAXOSMITHKLINE
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Cefonicid is a semi-synthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamases. Similarly to other cephalosporins, cefonicid exerts its antibacterial activity through the inhibition of the bacterial cell-wall synthesis. Its in vitro and in vivo activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms is documented.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
PRECEF by BRISTOL
(1984)
Source URL:
First approved in 1984
Source:
PRECEF by BRISTOL
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Ceforanide is a new cephalosporin with a longer elimination half-life than any currently available cephalosporin. Its activity is very similar to that of cefamandole, a second-generation cephalosporin, except that ceforanide is less active against most gram-positive organisms. The bactericidal activity of ceforanide results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis via affinity for penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). Ceforanide is primarily indicated in conditions like bone and joint infection, endocarditis, respiratory tract infections, skin infections, surgical infections, urinary tract infection. Rash and pruritus, and nausea, vomiting and other mild gastrointestinal side effects were noted in a few of the subjects but were mild and transient.
