DMDM hydantoin is a preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It works by slowing and preventing spoilage in products such as shampoos and hair conditioners, and in skin care products like moisturizers and makeup foundations. DMDM hydantoin is also an antimicrobial agent used in cosmetics and personal care products. As an antimicrobial, it can help prevent the growth of fungi, yeast and harmful bacteria that can make people sick or give them rashes, for example. DMDM hydantoin is a “formaldehyde donor,” which means that to work as a preservative and antimicrobial, it releases small levels of formaldehyde throughout the shelf-life of a personal care product or cosmetic product.

Sodium isobutoxide is an alkoxide of isobutanol. It is used in organic chemistry for the synthesis of isobutyl ethers.

Butyl stearate is an ester of stearic acid and butanol. It is used in the cosmetic industry as a plasticizer in nail varnishes, emollient and skin conditioning agent in personal care formulations, as a masking agent in fragrances. In the food industry, it is used as a flavoring agent and as a defoaming agent in processing beet sugar and yeast.

D&C RED NO. 36 1-[(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenol (CAS Reg. No. 2814-77-9) is a color additive. According to FDA the color additive D&C Red No. 36 may be safely used for coloring ingested drugs, other than mouthwashes and dentifrices, in amounts not to exceed 1.7 milligrams per daily dose of the drug for drugs that are taken continuously only for less than 1 year. For drugs taken continuously for longer than 1 year, the color additive shall not be used in amounts to exceed 1.0 milligram per daily dose of the drug. D&C Red No. 36 may be safely used for coloring externally applied drugs in amounts consistent with current good manufacturing practice. In cosmetics and personal care products, D&C Red No. 36 is a colorant used in the formulation of blushers, lipsticks, face powders, and other makeup products, as well as nail polish and enamels.

Erythorbic acid, an epimer of L-ascorbic acid, is used in the United States as a food additive. It was studied, that erythorbic acid enhanced of iron absorption and could play a major role in enhancing iron bioavailability from mixed diets that include foods preserved with erythorbic acid. In addition, was investigated if the erythorbic acid could influence on the metabolism of vitamin C in young women, and obtained results showed, that prolonged ingestion of erythorbic acid had no effect on vitamin C uptake or clearance from the body.

Gentisic acid is an active metabolite of salicylic acid degradation, which possesses a broad spectrum of biological activity, such as anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic and antioxidant properties. The antioxidant activity and radioprotective properties of gentisic acid are exerted by its phenoxyl group. It is also used in cosmetics as a skin-whitening agent for the treatment of skin pigmentary disorders by influencing the synthesis of melanin through inhibition of melanosomal tyrosinase activity Gentisic acid is also a biomarker of Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Trihydroxystearin is used in cosmetics and personal care products as solvent and emollient for skin conditioning and viscosity controlling.

Sucralose (sold commercially as Splenda), a water-soluble chlorocarbohydrate, is a sweetener used to sweeten food, beverages, medications, etc., such as sugar, saccharine or other low-calorie synthetic products. In the European Union, it is also known under the E number E955. It is approved in USA by FDA under Chapter I-Food and Drug administration as a multipurpose additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption. Splenda is stated to be safe for use by subjects with type 2 diabetes since it does not effect glucose homeostasis in these patients. There is one ongoing clinical trial on effect and safety of sucralose in patients with type 2 diabetes in intensive insulin therapy.