SP-2086 H3PO4 (Retagliptin Phosphate), tetrahydro-imidazo[1,5-a] pyrazine derivative, is a competitive DPP-4 inhibitor innovated in China under development by Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. In completed phase II trials, retagliptin monotherapy or in combination with metformin significantly decreased the HbA1c level in type 2 diabetic patients. Two phase III trials for retagliptin monotherapy aCnd in combination with metformin, respectively, were ongoing in China. Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine withdrew its application from the Chinese FDA in April 2016 but is expected to refile the application.

GTS-21 (also known as DMBX-A), a selective alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist that has demonstrated memory and cognition enhancement activity in human clinical trials. GTS-21 has been studied in Phase II in patients with schizophrenia and in patients with Alzheimer disease. However, these studies were discontinued. GTS-21 was also involved in phase II to reduce negative affect, improve cognition and/or reduce smoking relapse in healthy adult men and women who are chronic cigarette smokers. However, this study was withdrawn. Besides, GTS-21 has participated in phase II to investigate safety and efficacy in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Pfizer developed AG-013958, also known as AG-13958 for treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). As a VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, AG13958 was targeted to FLT/TYK receptor inhibition.

Vanoxerine, also known as GBR-12909, is a piperazine derivative exhibiting potent selective inhibition of sodium-dependent dopamine reuptake transporters. Vanoxerine has been in clinical trials for Parkinsonism, depression and cocaine addiction but lacked efficacy. Vanoxerine has also been observed as a potent blocker of the following channels: cardiac hERG/IKr potassium channel, Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1C subunit (also known as Cav1.2) and voltage-gated sodium channel Nav 1.5. Vanoxerine was studied as a potential treatment for atrial fibrillation. However, phase III clinical trials for this condition were terminated because of cardiac safety concerns. Research also indicates that vanoxerine may have additional mechanisms of action including antagonist action at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs).

Mureletecan is a water-soluble prodrug, consisting of camptothecin covalently linked to polymeric backbone methacryloylglycynamide, with potential antineoplastic activity. After entering tumor cells, the active moiety camptothecin is slowly released from mureletecan via hydrolysis of the ester linkage. Camptothecin, the active moiety, is an alkaloid isolatable from the Chinese tree Camptotheca acuminata. Camptothecin itself suffers from poor solubility, which is why it is often investigated with a solubilizing conjugate; such as in Mureletecan. Camptothecin binds to and stabilizes the topoisomerase I-DNA covalent complex producing potentially lethal double-stranded DNA breaks when encountered by DNA replication machinery. Camptothecin has also been shown to inhibit HIF1a. Camptothecin has been investigated with a number of solubilizing conjugates as a potential treatment in various forms of cancer.

Indisulam (also known as E7070) is a sulfonamide derivative patented by Japanese pharmaceutical company Eisai Co. as antitumor agent. Indisulam inhibits cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK), which regulate cell cycle progression and are usually over-expressed in cancerous cells. Inhibition of CDK results in G1/S phase arrest of the cell cycle, and may lead to induction of apoptosis and inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. Preclinical and clinical studies have established the synergy of indisulam with nucleoside analogs as well as topoisomerase inhibitors. These combinations were tolerated with acceptable toxicities, including diarrhea, vomiting, and myelosuppression. In Phase II clinical trials Combination of indisulam with DNA‐damaging agent (idarubicin) and nucleoside analog (cytarabine) in patients with relapsed and refractory AML is effective and largely well tolerated.