Ammonium methacrylate is an ammonium salt of methacrylic acid. It is able to polymerize to form ammonium methacrylate copolymer. It is used in cosmetic industry as a binder (to hold together the ingredients of a compressed tablet or cake), film former (an ingredient that dry to form a thin coating on the skin, hair or nails) and viscosity increasing agent.

A. W. Van Hoffman was the first to isolate sorbic acid from the berries of the mountain ash tree in the year 1859. The antimicrobial (preservative) properties of sorbic acid were recognized in the 1940's. In the late 1940's and 1950's it became commercially available. Sorbic acid and its potassium salt are now used in many countries in the production of sweet white wines. In the United States, BATF permits the use of sorbic acid and potassium sorbate to preserve wine. The maximum concentration of sorbic acid allowed in finished wine is 300 mg/L, (300 ppm). The antimicrobial action of sorbic acid is primarily against yeasts and molds. It's action against bacteria appears to be selective. The soluble sorbates are preferred when it is desired to use the preservative in liquid form, or when aqueous systems are to be preserved. Sodium sorbate in solid form is unstable and very rapidly undergoes oxidation on exposure to atmospheric oxygen. It is therefore not produced on the industrial scale. Aqueous solutions of sodium sorbate remain stable for some time. Calcium sorbate is used in the manufacture of fungistatic wrappers because it is highly stable to oxidation, but this use is very limited. Sorbic acid and sorbates can be directly added into the product. The products can be dipped or sprayed with aqueous solutions of sorbates. Dusting of food with dry sorbic acid is also possible but less recommended because sorbic acid irritates the skin and mucous membranes. Sorbic acid and particularly calcium sorbate can be used as active substances in fungistatic wrappers. A general survey of the numerous uses of sorbic acid in the food sector will be given. Some fields of application will be discussed that are either unimportant or not permitted in the U.K.

Calcium stearate is a carboxylate of calcium, classified as a calcium soap. Calcium stearate is a component of some lubricants, surfactants, as well as many foodstuffs. It is a white waxy powder. Calcium stearate is a waxy material with low solubility in water, unlike traditional sodium and potassium soaps. Calcium stearate is also easy and cheap to produce and exhibits low toxicity. These attributes are the basis of many of its applications.

Acetyltryptophan,DL- functions readily as a component of the food in place of the free amino acid - a greater amount of acetyltryptophane,DL- than dl-tryptophane may be available to man. Acetyltryptophan,DL- is used as an additive in the protein microbubbles, used in various biomedical applications such as contrast imaging, targeted drug and gene delivery, delivery of drugs through blood brain barrier (BBB) and IV O2 delivery etc. In the breast cancer biomarkers search, lower levels of endogenous metabolite Acetyltryptophan, DL- was identified in the fluid from the affected breasts compared to the control breast fluid.

Malic acid is a tart-tasting organic dicarboxylic acid that contributes to the taste of many sour or tart foods such as apples. Sodium Malate is the sodium salt of Malic Acid. Malic Acid and Sodium Malate can be found in a wide range of cosmetics and personal care products. Sodium Malate functions as a skin conditioning agent-humectant. As a food additive, Sodium Malate has the E number E350. Sodium Malate has demonstrated protective effect on cisplatin-induced toxicity in mice. Sodium malate could become a useful agent for the reduction of CDDP-induced toxicity, particularly nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity.

Calcium-D-glucarate (also known as CALCIUM SACCHARATE) is the calcium salt of D-glucaric acid, a substance produced naturally in small amounts by mammals, including humans. Oral supplementation of calcium-D-glucarate has been shown to inhibit beta-glucuronidase, an enzyme produced by colonic microflora and involved in Phase II liver detoxification. Elevated beta-glucuronidase activity is associated with an increased risk for various cancers, particularly hormone-dependent cancers such as breast, prostate, and colon cancers. Other potential clinical applications of oral calcium-D-glucarate include regulation of estrogen metabolism and as a lipid-lowering. In addition, by reducing the beta-glucuronidase viability and activity of intestinal bacteria, salts of D-glucaric acid have been shown to enhance enterohepatic circulation and reduce steady state levels of cholesterol synthesis, resulting in decreased serum lipid levels.

Acemetacin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, lower back pain, and relieving post-operative pain. It is manufactured by Merck KGaA under the tradename Emflex and is available in the UK as a prescription-only drug. Other brand names for acemetacin include Rheutrop (Austria), Acemetadoc, Acephlogont, Azeat, Rantudil (Germany, Hungary, Mexico, Portugal, Turkey), Gamespir (Greece), Oldan, Reudol (Spain), Tilur (Switzerland), Ost-map (Egypt). Acemetacin is a glycolic acid ester of indomethacin. The pharmacological activity resulting from acemetacin administration in man is derived from the presence of both acemetacin and indomethacin. The precise pharmacological mode of action of acemetacin is not known. However, unlike other NSAIDs, acemetacin is only a relatively weak inhibitor of prostaglandin synthetase. Prostaglandins are known to have an antisecretory and cytoprotective effect on the gastric mucosa. Acemetacin shows activity in many of the established in vitro tests of anti-inflammatory activity including inhibition of the release of a number of mediators of inflammation. Acemetacin is well absorbed after oral administration. Its major metabolite is indomethacin, which, after repeated administration is present at levels in excess of those of acemetacin. Acemetacin is bound to plasma protein to a slightly lesser extent than indomethacin and has a relatively short plasma elimination half-life. It is eliminated by both hepatic and renal mechanisms. The pharmacokinetics appear to be linear at recommended therapeutic doses, unaffected by moderate renal or hepatic impairment, and unchanged in the elderly.

Proglumide is a drug that inhibits gastrointestinal motility and reduces gastric secretions. It acts as a cholecystokinin antagonist, which blocks both the CCKA and CCKB subtypes. It was used mainly in the treatment of stomach ulcers, although it has now been largely replaced by newer drugs for this application. An interesting side effect of proglumide is that it enhances the analgesia produced by opioid drugs, and can prevent or even reverse the development of tolerance to opioid drugs. This can make it a useful adjuvant treatment to use alongside opioid drugs in the treatment of chronic pain conditions such as cancer, where opioid analgesics may be required for long periods and development of tolerance reduces clinical efficacy of these drugs.

Alclofenac (Preservex) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent advocated for use in rheumatoid arthritis, degenerative joint disease and ankylosing spondylitis. Aceclofenac has little pharmacological activity itself; its main mode of action is through its metabolites which include diclofenac and 4’-hydroxy diclofenac. Skin rash is the most frequent side-effect, which in a small proportion of affected patients may be associated with systemic effects. A cutaneous reaction appears to be more likely in patients with a history of previous allergy to penicillin and other drugs. In June 2013 was told about the new contraindications and warnings for diclofenac. This was after a review by European regulators concluded that the risk of arterial thrombotic events (myocardial infarction; stroke) with diclofenac is greater than with other non-selective NSAIDs and similar to the COX-2 inhibitors.

Acedoben (4-acetamidobenzoic acid) is a benzoic acid derivative and a metabolite of benzocaine. It is a component of immunomodulatory drug inosine pranobex, which is used to treat mucocutaneous infections due to herpes simplex virus (type 1 and/or type II), genital warts as adjunctive therapy to podophyllin or carbon dioxide laser, and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.