Semapimod (CNI-1493) is a cytokine inhibitor and synthetic guanylhydrazone mitogen-activated protein kinase blocker, is being developed by Cytokine PharmaSciences as a potential treatment for Crohn's disease and other inflammatory conditions. As of December 2001, a phase I study demonstrating the safety of the compound had been completed and phase II trials for psoriasis and Crohn's disease were ongoing. In April 2003, preclinical and early clinical studies were underway for a variety of indications, including congestive heart failure and pancreatitis. Semapimod inhibits activation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB and induction of cyclooxygenase-2 by TLR ligands, but not by IL-1β or stresses. Semapimod inhibits TLR4 signaling (IC50 ≈0.3 umol) and acts by desensitizing cells to LPS; it fails to block responses to LPS concentrations of ≥5 ug/ml. Semapimod had been in phase II clinical trials by Ferring Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of Crohn's disease. However, this research has been discontinued. Semapimod is in phase I clinical trials for the treatment of autoimmune disorders and inflammation.

Iocanlidic Acid I-123 is a radiolabeled phenylfatty acid derivative studied as a diagnostic agent for myocardial imaging

AZD8055 is a new ATP-competitive mTOR kinase inhibitor that was developed to overcome the limitations of the first generation of allosteric mTORC1 inhibitors (rapamycin and its analogs) as anticancer agents. AZD8055 potently and selectively inhibits mTOR by directly targeting its catalytic site, which results in the blockade of the activity of both mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes. It displays antitumoral activity by inhibiting proliferation and/or inducing cell death in various cancer cell models, including ovarian clear cell carcinoma.

LY404039 [(-)-(1R,4S,5S,6S)-4-amino-2-sulfonylbicyclo[3.1.0]-hexane-4,6-dicarboxylic acid] is an agonist of orthosteric metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR)2/3. In addition, it acts as an agonist at dopamine D2 receptors. LY404039 demonstrated broad antipsychotic and anxiolytic efficacy across multiple animal models. LY-2140023 is a methionine amide prodrug of LY-404039 being developed by Eli Lilly & Co for the potential oral treatment of schizophrenia.

Toluidine Blue (also known as tolonium chloride or Toluidine blue O) is metachromatic dye used for a variety of histological staining, it selectively stains acidic tissue components (sulfates, carboxylates, and phosphate radicals. Toluidine blue has an affinity for nucleic acids, and therefore binds to nuclear material of tissues with a high DNA and RNA content. It was evaluated the toluidine blue staining in premalignancies, and superficial oral ulceration suggesting malignancy. The study showed 100% sensitivity in the detection of in situ and invasive carcinoma and no false-negative results occurred. The lesions that were diagnosed as dysplasia did not retain stain, and thus gave false-negative results. The reasons could be that the exact mechanisms by which the dye differentially stains malignant or dysplastic tissues remain unknown.

Fluridone, an herbicide that used for controlling invasive aquatic plants such as hydrilla in surface water bodies. It inhibits carotenoid synthesis in targeted plant species, preventing photosynthesis and ultimately causing mortality. This compound contains a 4(1H)-pyridone and a trifluoromethyl-benzene moiety, which are also present in molecules with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Experiments on rodents have confirmed that fluridone could represent a new prototype of an anti-inflammatory drug.

8-Hydroxy-7-iodo-5-quinolinesulfonic acid (Ferron) showed fungistatic effect for Candida and for M. canis and T. mentagrophytes. Resotren is a chemical combination of chloroquine and iodohydroxyquinoline and, taken by mouth, is poorly absorbed and reaches the lower bowel in considerable concentration. Resotren is effective in both intestinal and extra-intestinal amoebiasis. Al-Ferron timed spectrophotometry assay is a basic method in the study on the formation of polynuclear hydroxyl aluminum species and their transformation laws in aqueous systems.

Tiapamil (also known as Ro 11-1781) is a dithiane derivative patented by Hoffmann-La Roche, F., und Co., A.-G. as calcium-channel antagonist useful for myocardial infarction treatment. Tiapamil, like verapamil, inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner Ca2+-induced contractions in isolated, K+-depolarized preparations of rat renal artery, dog coronary artery and rabbit main pulmonary artery. The inhibitory effects of Tiapamil can be overcome by raising the Ca2+ concentration of the bath fluid. In the rabbit main pulmonary artery, Tiapamil reduces 45Ca influx into the K+-depolarized vascular smooth muscle cells. Tiapamil inhibits the slow potentials in partially depolarized guinea-pig papillary muscles. Tiapamil decreases contractile force in isolated guinea-pig atria and papillary muscles, as well as in isolated cat hearts. Tiapamil also reduces heart rate and increases coronary flow in these preparations. Tiapamil doubled coronary artery blood flow in the coronary sinus blood without producing major changes in blood pressure and heart rate in anesthetized dogs. Tiapamil did not affect contractions of isolated guinea-pig ileum, rat stomach strips or rat vas deferens in response to various stimulants. Tiapamil have no major effects on renal water and electrolyte excretion, on autonomic nerves and receptors, on pain perception and on the central nervous system. Acute, subacute, and chronic toxicity studies demonstrate low toxicity for Tiapamil with no tendency for accumulation. In clinical trials, Tiapamil effectively lowers systolic and diastolic blood pressure, but have no effects on heart rate

Piritrexim is a synthetic antifolate agent with antiparasitic, antipsoriatic and antitumor properties. Piritrexim inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, thereby disrupting folate metabolism and DNA synthesis and cell division. A theoretical advantage of piritrexim over trimetrexate is a lack of any known effects on histamine metabolism, which may lower the risk of hypersensitivity reactions. Piritrexim is a nonclassical antifolate for antitumor and parasitic chemotherapy that passively diffuses into cells and hence do not have to depend on folylpoly-gamma-glutamate synthetase or the reduced folate carrier. Because piritrexim is not a substrate for polyglutamation, the drug is not selectively retained within cells for prolonged periods. Piritrexim has a reliably high oral bioavailability of about 75%, which has led to its development as an oral lipophilic antifolate. Most commonly, it has been administered in oral daily doses of 75 to 150 mg bid or tid every 5 days, with cycles repeated every 3 weeks. Oral absorption is rapid, with peak plasma levels appearing at 1.5 hours after ingestion. Elimination occurs primarily via hepatic metabolism of the drug to active metabolites, and the terminal half-life of the parent compound is about 1.5 to 4.5 hours. Single-agent oral piritrexim has clinical activity in melanoma, urothelial cancers, and head and neck cancers. Tolerable combinations of piritrexim with cisplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin have been tested, with promising results achieved in head and neck cancer. An interesting attempt to alternate piritrexim with methotrexate did not have any greater activity than methotrexate alone.