Vipadenant (V2006) is a small molecule, adenosine A2A receptor antagonist that was being investigated in Parkinson's disease. Due to safety concerns development ceased in 2010 and the rights were regained from Biogen Idec in 2011 with no further investment made. In October 2014, RedoxTherapies licensed Vipadenant as it has the potential to disrupt an immunosuppressive mechanism of tumour protection, generating improved efficacy for immunotherapies of certain cancers when used in combination with other drugs.

Tiospirone (TSP) is an atypical antipsychotic drug. Tiaspirone appeared to be a promising antipsychotic agent as it didn`t cause extrapyramidal syndromes. It has 5HT-2 antagonistic properties as well as affinity for D2, 5HT-1a, 5HT-6 and sigma receptors. Tiospirone was in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of attention hyperactivity disorder with Mead Johnson in the USA but its development appears to have been discontinued.

Lopirazepam is a short-acting benzodiazepine analog of the pyridodiazepine type. In a double-blind study the clinical symptomatology and quantitatively analyzed EEG of hospitalized chronic alcoholics undergoing alcohol withdrawal were investigated before, during and after 3 weeks' treatment with 2 pharmacokinetically different benzodiazepines: the short-acting lopirazepam and the long-acting prazepam. Blood level investigations demonstrated that even after a 3-week treatment period, blood levels dropped down to a morning minimum 12 h after the last evening medication of the short-acting lopirazepam, while plasma levels of the long-acting prazepam remained high. This was also reflected in the spectral analyzed EEG, which showed, after one single dosage of both drugs, a typical anxiolytic profile which was more pronounced after lopirazepam than prazepam, while after the chronic administration (12 h after the evening medication) only prazepam showed an anxiolytic profile. The lopirazepam-treated patients exhibited on the one hand a lack of benzodiazepine-specific alterations, but showed on the other hand EEG changes possibly reflecting clinical improvement.

Necopidem, a zolpidem derivative, is an anxiolytic and sedative drug.

Clemeprol is an antidepressant drug of the 3,3-diraylpropyl-amine type. It exhibits antireserpine activity in animal tests, inhibits the neuronal uptake of noradrenaline. The drug was used in the clinic for the treatment of depression in the 1980s, but no development was reported since.

Clamidoxic acid is a derivative of phenoxyacetic acid developed in the late 1950s by Smith and Nephew Research Ltd. Clamidoxic acid has been shown to have anti-inflammatory activity and low toxicity in animal tests. The compound was investigated in the clinical trials in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis and painful uncomplicated osteoarthritis of the hip, however, no further clinical development was reported.

Salethamide was developed as an anti-inflammatory agent to use as an analgesic. However, information about the further study of this compound is not available.

Etazepine (5,6-dihydro-5-methyl-11H-11-ethoxy-dibenzo[b,e]azepin-6-one) demonstrates anticonvulsant activity in rodents. Etazepine seems to exert its anticonvulsant effects by activating the GABAergic system.

Oxiperomide was developed as a dopamine-receptor antagonist. Clinical trials have shown that this drug decreased dyskinesia in patients with Parkinson's disease receiving levodopa or other dopamine agonists without necessarily increasing Parkinsonian symptoms. However, information about the further development of this drug is not available.

Taltrimide, a taurine derivative that was developed as an anticonvulsive agent. Taltrimide strongly inhibits the sodium-independent binding of taurine to synaptic membranes of the brain and it does not appear to bind to GABAA and benzodiazepine receptor. The drug was studied in phase II clinical trial Finland as an anticonvulsant agent to treat epilepsy. However, the further development of this drug was discontinued.