The three major isoflavones present in kudzu extracts, daidzin, daidzein and puerarin are responsible for the beneficial effects in reduction of alcohol consumption. It has been discovered, that daidzin was a strong, selective and reversible inhibitor of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase. Daidzin did not inhibit human class I, II, or III alcohol dehydrogenases. However further studies for daidzin’s treatment in alcohol addiction were discontinued.

Stigmasterol (also known as Wulzen anti-stiffness factor) is a plant sterol, or phytosterol. Recent investigation discovered that this compound could be new promising anti- Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus agent.

Lupeol, a biologically active dietary triterpenoid, is found in many medicinal plants and different fruits such as olives, mangos, and strawberries. Lupeol exhibits a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, cardioprotective, and hepatoprotective activities. Lupeol inhibits LPS-induced microglial neuroinflammation via the P38-MAPK and JNK pathways and has therapeutic potential to treat various neuroinflammatory disorders. Lupeol possesses antiskin tumor-promoting effects in CD-1 mouse and inhibits conventional as well as novel biomarkers of tumor promotion. It strongly suppressed lipogenesis by modulating the IGF-1R/phosphatidylinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt/sterol response element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) signaling pathway in SEB-1 sebocytes, and reduced inflammation by suppressing the NF-κB pathway in SEB-1 sebocytes and HaCaT keratinocytes. Lupeol exhibited a marginal effect on cell viability and may have modulated dyskeratosis of the epidermis. These results demonstrate the clinical feasibility of applying lupeol for the treatment of acne.

Locicortolone is an anti-inflammatory and antiallergic synthetic glucocorticoid. It has high glucocorticoid cytoplasmic receptor binding affinity in vitro (more than four times higher than dexamethasone) but comparable to dexamethasone relative TAT (tyrosine aminotransferase induction) activity. It has six times lower binding affinity to mineralocorticoid receptor in comparison to dexamethasone.

Telapristone is an orally available 21-substituted-19-nor-progestin and selective progesterone receptor modulator (SPRM), with potential anti-progesterone and antineoplastic activities. Its acetate form, the telapristone Acetate is a clinically used and a studied drug.

Among the naturally occurring trichothecenes in food and feed, T-2 toxin is a cytotoxic fungal secondary metabolite produced by various species of Fusarium. Following ingestion, T-2 toxin causes acute and chronic toxicity and induces apoptosis in the immune system and fetal tissues. T-2 toxin is usually metabolized and eliminated after ingestion, yielding more than 20 metabolites. Consequently, there is a possibility of human consumption of animal products contaminated with T-2 toxin and its metabolites. The molecular mechanism of inhibition of protein synthesis may be the high affinity of T-2 toxin for the 60S ribosomal subunit.

Defoslimod is an analog of lipopolysaccharide endotoxin-derived lipid A obtained from E. coli, developed as an immunomodulatory adjuvant and an immunotherapeutic agent for the treatment of cancer. Defoslimod acts as an agonist of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/4. In a phase 1 clinical study in patients with solid tumors, conducted in 2007, defoslimod was administered as an intravenous infusion. The therapy was well tolerated at biologically active concentrations, with 3 patients of 17 exhibited disease stabilization with a mean duration of 4 months. No further development of the drug was reported.