Stibogluconic acid (Sodium stibogluconate) is the pentavalent antimonial compound used to treat leishmaniasis and is only available for administration by injection. Sodium stibogluconate is sold in the UK as Pentostam (manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline). Sodium stibogluconate was granted orphan drug designation for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis by the US FDA in January 2007. It is available in the United States only through the Centers for Disease Control. Sodium stibogluconate is indicated for the treatment of various types of a protozoal infection called leishmaniasis, which may result from sandfly bites in tropical and temperate parts of the world. It is also investigated for use/treatment in cancer. The mode of action of sodium stibogluconate is not clearly understood. In vitro exposure of amastigotes to 500 mg pentavalent antimony/ml results in a greater than 50% decrease in parasite DNA, RNA protein and purine nucleoside triphosphate levels. It has been postulated that the reduction in ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and GTP (guanosine triphosphate) synthesis contributes to decreased macromolecular synthesis. Sodium stibogluconate was shown to specifically inhibit type I DNA topoisomerase from Leishmania donovani through the inhibition of the unwinding and cleavage of the supercoiled plasmid pBR322, and to stabilize topoisomerase and DNA covalent complexes but not calf-thymus topoisomerase I and Escherichia coli DNA gyrase. Sodium stibogluconate is also a potent inhibitor of PTPases Src homology PTPase1 (SHP-1), SHP-2, and PTP1B but not the dual-specificity phosphatase mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1. Sodium stibogluconate combined with IFN-alpha-2b (IFN-α) inhibited solid tumor cell line growth in vitro, in vivo it was well tolerated and augmented cellular immune parameters.

Magnesium glutamate hydrobromide (Psychoverlan) is a known sedative and muscle relaxant. In a long-term study 19 young females were treated with Psychoverlan capsules or syrup for an average of 11.4 months. Intolerance phenomena and side-effects were not seen. It was even decided to increase the standard dose. None of the patients developed brominism or bromine intoxication. The general state of health of 13 of the 19 subjects was improved by the harmonizing effect of the drug on psychic and vegetative functions. Tiredness and somnolence were not observed.

Potassium Trihydrogen Dioxalate is a Potassium salt used in photography, marble grinding, and in metal polishing. Potassium Trihydrogen Dioxalate is strongly irritating to eyes, mucous and gastrointestinal tract. Potassium Trihydrogen Dioxalate may cause cardiac failure and death after oral administration

The phthalidyl thiazolidine carboxylic ester of ampicillin, talampicillin (Talpen, Beecham), has been introduced recently to improve absorption and to reduce these side effects. After oral administration talampicillin is rapidly absorbed and hydrolysed by tissue esterases in the intestinal wall to release into the circulation ampicillin and the ester moiety, mainly 2-hydroxymethyl-benzoic acid. No unchanged talampicillin is detectable in the peripheral blood. It is not approved by the FDA for use in the United States

Bietaserpine is a derivative of a Rauwolfia alkaloid reserpine. It was used as an antihypertensive agent and marketed in the 1960s in France and Italy. Bietaserpine is believed to act by inhibiting VMAT receptors.

Glafenine is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Glafenine was withdrawn due to the risk of anaphylaxis and acute kidney failure.

Oxaflumazine acid disuccinate, a neuroleptic drug, was studied in the treatment of psychotic children in a pedopsychiatric environment.

Fluoroethylcholine ion F-18 is ethylcholine labeled with fluorine F 18, a positron-emitting isotope. Fluorine F18 fluoroethylcholine incorporates into tumor cells through an active, carrier-mediated transport mechanism for choline and then is phosphorylated intracellularly by choline kinase, yielding a phosphoryl derivative, and finally is integrated into cellular phospholipids, probably primarily into a phosphatidyl derivative; concentration of this agent in tumor cells as various fluorine F 18 fluoroethylcholine derivatives enables tumor imaging using positron emission tomography (PET). Choline kinase, the enzyme responsible for the phosphorylation of choline, is frequently up-regulated in human tumor cell lines. F18-fluoroethylcholine is used for imaging of prostate cancer and brain tumors, mainly in Europe and Japan.

Octotiamine is an analogue of vitamin B1. As a component of vitamin complex used for the treatment of vitamin B1 deficiency; vitamin B1 supplement.

Potassium tellurate is used as anhidrotic. It is toxic to most living organisms. Gram-negative bacteria are among the microorganisms most sensitive to this oxyanion.