Sodium myristate is the sodium salt of myristic acid. It is used in the food as the binder, emulsifier and anticaking agent. It is one of the commonly occurring soaps. It is used in cosmetic as a cleansing and emulsifying agent.

HYDROXYETHYLETHYLENEDIAMINETRIACETIC ACID (HEDTA) is used in cosmetics and care products. It’s a chelating agent, which in combination with selenium was effective in reducing the concentration of Al and level of DNA damage. In addition, experiments with rodents have shown that combination of HEDTA and propolis preserved histological features, mitigated oxidative stress and improved liver, kidney, and brain functions more profoundly.

Benzenesulfonic acid (conjugate base benzenesulfonate) is the simplest aromatic sulfonic acid, that is soluble in water and ethanol, slightly soluble in benzene and insoluble in nonpolar solvents like diethyl ether. Benzenesulfonic acid was first obtained, together with diphenyl sulfone, by E. MITSCHERLICH in 1834 by heating benzene with fuming sulfuric acid. The industrially important reaction of benzenesulfonic acid with alkali hydroxide to form phenol (alkali fusion) was developed by A. WURTZ and A. KEKUL_e in 1867 and by P. O. DEGENER in 1878. Until the early 1960s benzenesulfonic acid was used chiefly in the manufacture of phenol. Benzenesulfonic acid has the characteristic reactions of a strong aromatic sulfonic acid. Acid hydrolysis at 175 C splits it into benzene and sulfuric acid. Additional sulfonation with fuming sulfuric acid gives 1,3-benzenedisulfonic acid, which reacts further to 1,3,5-benzenetrisulfonic acid, and also diphenyl sulfone disulfonic acid. Benzenesulfonic acid is used as an acid catalyst. The sodium salt is used to standardize dyes. A variety of pharmaceutical drugs are prepared as benzenesulfonate salts and are known as besilates (INN) or besylates (USAN).

Sodium myristate is the sodium salt of myristic acid. It is used in the food as the binder, emulsifier and anticaking agent. It is one of the commonly occurring soaps. It is used in cosmetic as a cleansing and emulsifying agent.

HYDROXYETHYLETHYLENEDIAMINETRIACETIC ACID (HEDTA) is used in cosmetics and care products. It’s a chelating agent, which in combination with selenium was effective in reducing the concentration of Al and level of DNA damage. In addition, experiments with rodents have shown that combination of HEDTA and propolis preserved histological features, mitigated oxidative stress and improved liver, kidney, and brain functions more profoundly.

Benzenesulfonic acid (conjugate base benzenesulfonate) is the simplest aromatic sulfonic acid, that is soluble in water and ethanol, slightly soluble in benzene and insoluble in nonpolar solvents like diethyl ether. Benzenesulfonic acid was first obtained, together with diphenyl sulfone, by E. MITSCHERLICH in 1834 by heating benzene with fuming sulfuric acid. The industrially important reaction of benzenesulfonic acid with alkali hydroxide to form phenol (alkali fusion) was developed by A. WURTZ and A. KEKUL_e in 1867 and by P. O. DEGENER in 1878. Until the early 1960s benzenesulfonic acid was used chiefly in the manufacture of phenol. Benzenesulfonic acid has the characteristic reactions of a strong aromatic sulfonic acid. Acid hydrolysis at 175 C splits it into benzene and sulfuric acid. Additional sulfonation with fuming sulfuric acid gives 1,3-benzenedisulfonic acid, which reacts further to 1,3,5-benzenetrisulfonic acid, and also diphenyl sulfone disulfonic acid. Benzenesulfonic acid is used as an acid catalyst. The sodium salt is used to standardize dyes. A variety of pharmaceutical drugs are prepared as benzenesulfonate salts and are known as besilates (INN) or besylates (USAN).

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an 18-carbon omega-3 essential fatty acid, is the precursor of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). ALA cannot be synthesized by humans and therefore must be entirely acquired from exogenous sources. Evidence for the essentiality of ALA was first provided by a study showing that ALA supplementation reversed the abnormal neurologic signs observed in a 6-year-old girl who suffered from sensory loss and visual complications. Most of the ALA is catabolized via beta-oxidation for energy generation, and a small proportion of it undergoes conversion to produce another two potent members of omega-3 PUFA family: EPA and DHA. Delta 6 desaturase (D6D) enzyme is responsible the conversion of ALA to DHA. Although not conclusive, it was suggested, that the benefits associated with ALA seem to stem mainly from EPA and DHA, and as major consequence of ALA deficiency it appears that EPA and DHA are not adequately produced.