Allomethadione is an anticonvulsant. It was used for the treatment of epilepsy. Allomethadione appears to have the advantage over tridione (another anticonvulsant) in not producing ataxia or gastric irritation. Photophobia is common in patients taking tridione but allomethadione did not produce photophobia. The drug causes renal damage. The compound has been marketed in Europe.

Ripasudil (K-115) is a selective Rho-associated coiled coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor. This compound, which was originally discovered by D. Western Therapeutics Institute, Inc., reduces intraocular pressure (IOP) by directly acting on the trabecular meshwork, thereby increasing conventional outflow through the Schlemm's canal. As a result of this mechanism of action, ripasudil may offer additive effects in the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension when used in combination with agents such as prostaglandin analogues (which increase uveoscleral outflow) and β blockers (which reduce aqueous production). GLANATEC® (Ripasudil hydrochloride hydrate) ophthalmic solution 0.4% is launched in Japan for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Mebeverine is an antispasmodic with a direct action on the smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract. The exact mechanism of action is not known, but multiple mechanisms, such as a decrease in ion channel permeabilities, blockade of noradrenaline reuptake, a local anesthetic effects, as well as weak anti-muscarinic and phosphodiesterase inhibitory effect might contribute to the local effects of Mebeverine. This medicine is used to treat symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and similar problems such as chronic irritable colon, spastic constipation, mucous colitis and spastic colitis. Most people will not have problems with Mebeverine, but some may get some side effects, such as: difficulty in breathing, swelling of face, neck, tongue or throat, skin rash, red itchy skin.

Bepridil (trade name Vascor) is an amine calcium channel blocker used to treat angina. Bepridil is a calcium channel blocker that has well characterized anti-anginal properties and known but poorly characterized type 1 anti-arrhythmic and anti-hypertensive properties. It is not related chemically to other calcium channel blockers such as diltiazem hydrochloride, nifedipine and verapamil hydrochloride. Bepridil has inhibitory effects on both the slow calcium (L-type) and fast sodium inward currents in myocardial and vascular smooth muscle, interferes with calcium binding to calmodulin, and blocks both voltage and receptor operated calcium channels. Bepridil inhibits the transmembrane influx of calcium ions into cardiac and vascular smooth muscle. This has been demonstrated in isolated myocardial and vascular smooth muscle preparations in which both the slope of the calcium dose response curve and the maximum calcium-induced inotropic response were significantly reduced by bepridil. In cardiac myocytes in vitro, bepridil was shown to be tightly bound to actin. Bepridil regularly reduces heart rate and arterial pressure at rest and at a given level of exercise by dilating peripheral arterioles and reducing total peripheral resistance (afterload) against which the heart works. Bepridil is no longer sold in the United States, but it is still marketed in other countries. Bepridil has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist. Although, it contains one chiral center, it is generally administered as a racemates. The drug bepridil is a racemic mixture of two enantiomers for the 2R as CID 16048570 and 2S as CID 445143. (R)-isomer of bepridil is more active than (-S)- isomer, in certain cases. In the retrogradely perfused, paced rat heart the higher activity was found for the ( )-enantiomer, which was 4.27 times more potent in increasing coronary flow than the (-)-isomer. The two enantiomers of bepridil showed a lower activity on maximum systolic left ventricular pressure (MSLVP) than on coronary flow, and a similar 3-4 fold stereoselectivity with both parameters.

Alminoprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the phenylpropionic acid class. It has anti-inflammatory properties different from the classical NSAID. Alminoprofen possesses both antiphospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity and anti-cycloxygenase (COX) activity.

Fimasartan is a angiotensin II receptor antagonist which was developed in Korea for the treatment of hypertension. The drug is available in different forms: Kanarb, Dukarb (in combination with Amlodipine), Tuvero (in combination with Rosuvastatin). Fimasartan was tested to be effective in Mexican and Russian population and now is being tested in the USA.

Pholcodine is an opioid that has been widely used worldwide since 1950 for the treatment of non-productive cough in children and adults. Illicit drug. Additionally Pholcodine is a marker for sensitization to neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA) and is intended for use as a diagnostic tool in NMBA-induced anaphylaxis.

Pholcodine is an opioid that has been widely used worldwide since 1950 for the treatment of non-productive cough in children and adults. Illicit drug. Additionally Pholcodine is a marker for sensitization to neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA) and is intended for use as a diagnostic tool in NMBA-induced anaphylaxis.

Promethazine hydroxyethyl quaternary derivative of promethazine with antihistamine and anticholinergic properties. The drug lacked the sedative properties of promethazine. It was used in the clinic under tradename Aprobit.

Aescin, the major active principle from Aesculus hippocastanum (Hippocastanaceae) the horse chestnut tree, has shown satisfactory evidence for a clinically significant activity in chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), haemorrhoids and post-operative oedema. In one controlled trial aescin was shown to be as effective as compression therapy as an alternative to medical treatment for CVI. The therapeutic benefit is well supported by a number of experimental investigations in different animal models, indicative of clearcut anti-oedematous, anti-inflammatory and venotonic properties, mainly related to the molecular mechanism of the agent, allowing improved entry of ions into channels, thus raising venous tension in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Other mechanisms, i.e. release of PGF2 from veins, antagonism to 5-HT and histamine, reduced catabolism of tissue mucopolysaccharides, further underline the wide ranging mechanisms of the therapeutic activity of aescin. Aescin exists in two forms, α and β. β-aescin (b-escin) appears to be the active component of the mixture and is the molecular form present in major available pharmaceutical products. Beta-aescin has cytotoxic activity toward human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines.