Urapidil is an anti-hypertensive agent approved in Europe for the treatment of the corresponding disease. The drug acts by activating 5HT1a receptor and inhibiting alpha1-adrenergic receptors.

Tasosartan is a long-acting angiotensin II (AngII) receptor blocker. Tasosartan is infrequently in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. The manufacturer withdrew it from FDA review after phase III clinical trials showed elevated transaminases. Tasosartan blocks the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) at the level of the AT1 receptor that mediates most, if not all, of the important actions of Ang II. Tasosartan binds reversibly to the AT1 receptors in vascular smooth muscle and the adrenal gland. As angiotensin II is a vasoconstrictor, which also stimulates the synthesis and release of aldosterone, blockage of its effects results in decreases in systemic vascular resistance.

Zankiren (A-72517) is a peptidomimetic renin inhibitor with high potency and specificity. The drug was shown to reduce blood pressure in healthy volunteers after oral administration. In another clinical trial, zankiren exerted a renal vasodilator action. Despite positive results from initial clinical trials, further development of zankiren was discontinued.

Budralazine is a vasodilator. Budralazine is a direct-acting vasodilating agent that does not produce marked tachycardia. Hypotensive effect of Buterazine has being shown. Budralazine is reported as an ingredient of Buterazine in Japan.

Zofenopril is an inhibitor of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE), which is approved in Europe for the treatment of hypertension and acute myocardial infarction.

Cetiedil is effective potassium channel blocker used as a peripheral vasodilator to treat patients with painful crises in sickle cell anemia and pain in the extremities caused by an arterial disease. Known pharmacological properties of the drug include vascular smooth muscle relaxation, inhibition of phosphodiesterase with the consequent increase in circulating cyclic AMP concentration, blockade of the effect of bradykinin and serotonin, analgesia, inhibition of platelet aggregation and the decrease of plasma and blood viscosity and plasma fibrinogen level. The antisickling effect of cetiedil is explained mainly in the light of the changes it induces in the activities of membrane-bound ATPases and the permeability properties of the erythrocyte membrane to cations and anions.

Dihydralazine is a compound with antihypertensive properties and is in clinical trials, where is studied its effect on kidney function and hormones in healthy individuals.

Bufeniode is a peripheral vasodilator, used as an antihypertensive agent. It was in France and marketed in France and Germany.

Asocainol is a rather efficient antiarrhythmic agent that has the effects of both class Ia and class IV antiarrhythmic drugs. Asocainol interfere with the sodium channel and lengthens the action potential. Besides that, Asocainol decreases conduction through the AV node, and shorten phase two (the plateau) of the cardiac action potential. Asocainol reduce the contractility of the heart, so may be inappropriate in heart failure. Asocainol is an effective antiarrhythmic agent in a variety of animal arrhythmia models and species.

Visnadine is a natural product extracted from the seeds and aerial parts of Ammi visnaga (Umbelliferae), plant widely used in Egyptian medicine since the Pharaohs times as antispastic and for the treatment of angina pectoris and other cardiovascular diseases. It has been used since a long time in western medicine for the treatment of various cardiac diseases and peripheral vasculopathies. Visnadine seems to act by inhibiting the contractile responses mediated by Ca2+ entry through L-type Ca2+ channels.Topical use of Visnadine may increase regional vascularization afecting turgidity and sensorial threshold of the area of application. A formulation for vulvar application (ReFeel® spray, IDI Integratori Dietetici Italiani S.r.l., Italy) has been developed and it contains Visnadine at high concentration (1%) with an elevate purity index (minimum 95%). Visnadine spray displayed positive effects on sexual function in women with and without FSD and it was well tolerated. Topical Visnadine may not only be part of multimodal strategies to manage clinically relevant sexual symptoms but also simply to help women to enhance their subjective impaired perception of sexual response.