KAI 1678 is a first-in-class, isoenzyme selective, a small peptide inhibitor of protein kinase C epsilon. It was in development for the treatment of neuropathic and postoperative pain. However, KAI-1678 treatment results were negative.

Dalazatide is a 37-amino acid synthetic peptide, a derivative of ShK, which was originally isolated from the venom of the Carribean Sea Anemone. The drug was first discovered by the University of California at Irvine and further developed by Kineta and KPI Therapeutics. Dazalatide is a specific inhibitor of the voltage-gated Kv1.3 potassium channel. The Kv1.3 potassium channel is highly upregulated on effector memory T-cells (TEM cells), and is involved in regulating their calcium uptake. Chronically activated memory T cells are key mediators of numerous autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. In vivo studies with dalazatide in a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) model have shown that drug treatment inhibited the DTH response by suppressing TEM cells, but had no effect on naïve or central memory T cells. Dalazatide was investigated in a phase I clinical trials for the treatment of plaque psoriasis. The study indicates that dalazatide is generally well tolerated and can improve psoriatic skin lesions by modulating T cell surface and activation marker expression and inhibiting mediators of inflammation in the blood.

Ensereptide (PXL01) is a polypeptide derived from human lactoferrin. PXL01 has several mechanisms of action; including immunomodulation and enhancement of fibrinolytic activity. PXL01 produces its immunomodulatory action by inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6 and Il-8 as well as TNF- α (tumor necrosis factor alpha). PXL01 also inhibits the local production of PAI-1 which is an important mediator of fibrinolysis. The anti-inflammatory properties combined with the modulation of fibrinolysis are assumed to account for the ability of the product candidate to prevent post-surgical adhesions and scar formation. Ensereptide (PXL01) is being developed by ProMore Pharma for the treatment of post-surgical adhesions and for prevention of dermal scarring after surgery or trauma.