Burow invented an astringent antiseptic solution of aluminium acetate in water to relieve the itching and inflammation of minor skin irritations. At present the oflicial U. S. P. procedure to made Burow's solution involves the reaction of aluminum sulfate, calcium carbonate and acetic acid to form aluminum sub-acetate, also termed basic aluminum acetate. The solution is available as an over-the-counter drug for topical administration, with brand names including Domeboro. Burow's solution has been shown to be effective against chronic suppurative otitis media and otitis externa. It is active against bacteria resulting in damage to the cell wall.

Burow invented an astringent antiseptic solution of aluminium acetate in water to relieve the itching and inflammation of minor skin irritations. At present the oflicial U. S. P. procedure to made Burow's solution involves the reaction of aluminum sulfate, calcium carbonate and acetic acid to form aluminum sub-acetate, also termed basic aluminum acetate. The solution is available as an over-the-counter drug for topical administration, with brand names including Domeboro. Burow's solution has been shown to be effective against chronic suppurative otitis media and otitis externa. It is active against bacteria resulting in damage to the cell wall.

Epinephrine is a sympathomimetic catecholamine. It acts as a naturally occurring agonist at both alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors. Three pharmacologic types have been identified: alpha 1-, alpha 2-, and beta-adrenergic receptors. Each of these has three subtypes, characterized by both structural and functional differences. The alpha 2 and beta receptors are coupled negatively and positively, respectively, to adenylyl cyclase via Gi or Gs regulatory proteins, and the alpha 1 receptors modulate phospholipase C via the Go protein. Subtype expression is regulated at the level of the gene, the mRNA, and the protein through various transcriptional and postsynthetic mechanisms. Through its action on alpha-adrenergic receptors, epinephrine lessens the vasodilation and increased vascular permeability that occurs during anaphylaxis, which can lead to loss of intravascular fluid volume and hypotension. Through its action on beta-adrenergic receptors, epinephrine causes bronchial smooth muscle relaxation and helps alleviate bronchospasm, wheezing and dyspnea that may occur during anaphylaxis. Epinephrine also alleviates pruritus, urticaria, and angioedema and may relieve gastrointestinal and genitourinary symptoms associated with anaphylaxis because of its relaxer effects on the smooth muscle of the stomach, intestine, uterus and urinary bladder. Epinephrine increases glycogenolysis, reduces glucose up take by tissues, and inhibits insulin release in the pancreas, resulting in hyperglycemia and increased blood lactic acid.

Sunepitron (CP-93,393) is an anxiolytic drug with highly selective serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A autoreceptor agonist, alpha2-adrenergic antagonist, and dopamine D2 agonist properties. Sunepitron hydrochloride had been in Phase III clinical trials by Pfizer for the treatment of anxiety disorder and depression. However, this research has been discontinued.

Dabuzalgron is an orally active and selective alpha1A/1L-adrenoreceptor partial agonist, developed by Roche. In anesthetized micropigs and rabbits, dabuzalgron produced non-selective, dose-dependent increases in intraurethral and arterial blood pressures. In conscious micropigs, both agents produced dose-dependent increases in urethral tension. Dabuzalgron was investigated in a clinical study in women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). It was demonstrated that 1.5 mg of the drug administered twice daily lead to a significantly lower mean weekly number of SUI episodes with little or no cardiovascular effect. Despite positive results, no development of the drug was reported by Roche.

Esproquine is a tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative. It exerts positive inotropic effect and increases arterial pressure.

Imiloxan is a highly selective alpha2B adrenoceptor antagonist and was developed for depression in the 1980s. In Phase 1 clinical trials imiloxan dosing led to hypersensitivity reactions; the molecule's development was discontinued.

FIDUXOSIN is a selective alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist with higher affinity for alpha1A-adrenoceptors and for alpha1D-adrenoceptors than for alpha1B-adrenoceptors. It was in clinical trials for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Zolertine is an alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist that acts as an antihypertensive agent. Its effect was studied in animals in vivo and in vitro. Zolertine considerably decreased systemic blood pressure in mecamylamine hypertensive dogs in a dose-related fashion. Using the intravital microscopic method in rat's mesocygeus microvasculature a direct relationship between zolertine dosage and blockade was demonstrated as well as an inverse relationship between time of action of zolertine and percentage of vasoconstriction caused by noradrenaline. When only zolertine was applied, it caused a small vasoconstriction that decreased as its concentration increased which could be due to its ability to antagonize alpha receptor responses, but not beta responses. Zolertine is a more active alpha blocker than azapetin, a blocker used in medical practice. Competition binding experiments using the alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist [3H] prazosin showed a zolertine pKi of 6.81 +/- 0.02 in rat liver (alpha1B-adrenoceptors) and 6.35 +/- 0.04 in rabbit liver (alpha1A-adrenoceptors) membranes. Zolertine showed higher affinity for alpha1D-adrenoceptors compared to alpha1A-adrenoceptors, while it had an intermediate affinity for alpha1B-adrenoceptors. The ability of the alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist zolertine to block alpha1D-adrenoceptor-mediated constriction in different vessels of Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats may explain its antihypertensive efficacy despite its low order of potency.

Fadolmidine (MPV 2426) is an alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist. Fadolmidine displayed high affinity and full agonist efficacy at all three human alpha2-adrenoceptor subtypes (A, B and C). Various preclinical models of pain have been employed and have demonstrated fadolmidine potential as an analgesic, including its potential for use in neuropathies and post-operative pain. A Phase II clinical trial successfully demonstrated that intrathecal fadolmidine, in combination with bupivacaine, produced analgesic effects compared to bupivacaine alone in bunionectomy patients.