Roxifiban (also known as DMP754), a potent antiplatelet agent in inhibiting platelet aggregation, and has a high specificity and affinity for human platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex (GPIIb/IIIa) receptors. Roxifiban participated in clinical trials phase III for the treatment of peripheral arterial disorders. This drug was also well tolerated in patients with chronic stable angina pectoris and was studied in the treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, and thrombosis. However, the development of this drug appears to have been discontinued.

GV 150526A (gavestinel) is an investigational drug for a neuroprotective therapy of acute ischemic stroke within 6 hours of symptom onset. It is a potent and selective non-competitive antagonist at the glycine site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA) which reduces infarct volume in experimental stroke models. Gavestinel acts at the strychnine-insensitive glycine binding site of the NMDA receptor-channel complex with nanomolar affinity (pKi = 8.5), coupled with high glutamate receptor selectivity. Gavestinel displays higher than 1000-fold selectivity over NMDA, AMPA and kainate binding sites and is orally bioavailable and active in vivo. GV 150526A inhibited convulsions induced by NMDA in mice, when administered by both IV and po routes (ED50 = 0.06 and 6 mg/kg, respectively). The safety and efficacy of GV150526 were studied in two phase III randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials of acute ischemic stroke patients within 6 h from onset [The Glycine Antagonist in Neuroprotection (GAIN) International and GAIN Americas Trials] sponsored by GlaxoSmithKline. The results of these trials suggested that gavestinel was not of substantial benefit or harm to patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage.

Evatanepag (CP-533,536) is a prostaglandin E2 EP2 receptor agonist. It stimulates new bone formation on trabecular, endocortical, and periosteal surfaces and enhances fracture healing. Evatanepag was under development with Pfizer as a bone formation stimulant for therapeutic use in the healing of fractures.

Anazolene Sodium is a diagnostic die used for blood volume and cardiac output determination.

LADOSTIGIL, a rasagiline derivative, is a reversible acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor with neuroprotective properties. It also acts as an irreversible brain monoamine oxidases inhibitor. It is under development for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders like dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

Enrasentan is an orally active mixed endothelin A/B receptor antagonist with a 100-fold greater affinity for the endothelin A receptor. In an animal model of hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy the drug has reduced blood pressure, prevented cardiac hypertrophy and preserved myocardial function. In rats with hyperinsulinemia and hypertension enrasentan normalized blood pressure and prevented cardiac and renal damage. In rats with stroke the drug reduced the ischemic area in the brain. Enrasentan had been in phase II clinical trial for the treatment of heart failure but the results suggested that enrasentan does not appear to have favorable effects on ventricular remodeling.

Ifetroban was developed as a thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 receptor antagonist by Bristol-Myers Squibb for cardiovascular indications. In spite of the positive preclinical results where the drug has shown the cardioprotective and antithrombotic activities and was effective. The development of this drug for coronary thrombosis, peripheral vascular disorders, and thrombosis was discontinued. Bristol-Myers Squibb donated the entire program to Vanderbilt University, which further identified ifetroban’s potential in treating patients for several niche indications. Cumberland acquired the ifetroban program from Vanderbilt through its majority-owned subsidiary, Cumberland Emerging Technologies taking responsibility for development and commercialization of the product. Ifetroban oral capsule is being developed by Cumberland for the treatment of systemic sclerosis (SSc) also called scleroderma. With pulmonary disease emerging as the major cause of death in SSc patients, preclinical work indicates that ifetroban is capable of preventing cardiac fibrosis in a model of pulmonary arterial hypertension. In addition, this drug successfully completed phase II clinical trials for the treatment of hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) in hospitalized adult patients, where were determined the safety and pharmacokinetics of 3 days of intravenous ifetroban. In addition, the recruitment is anticipated for Phase 2 study of daily, oral anti-fibrotic therapy to prevent heart muscle disease and improve heart muscle function in ambulatory and non-ambulatory Duchenne patients. In December 2018, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center and Cumberland Pharmaceuticals initiated a phase II trial to assess the safety and feasibility of ifetroban in treating patients with malignant solid tumors that are at high risk of coming back after treatment and spreading throughout the body.

Darexaban (YM150) is a direct inhibitor of coagulation factor Xa (FXa), discovered by Astellas Pharmaceuticals. FXa is a crucial serine protease in the coagulation cascade, responsible for the cleavage of prothrombin to its active form thrombin, which then converts soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin, activates platelets and causes a formation of a blood clot. Darexaban inhibits factor Xa with a Ki value of 31 nM and shows anticoagulant activity in human plasma. In venous and A-V shunt thrombosis models in rats, darexaban strongly suppressed thrombus formation without affecting bleeding time. Darexaban was investigated in a number of clinical trials for prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing surgery, prevention of ischaemic events in acute coronary syndrome, prophylaxis of stroke in atrial fibrillation. In 2011 Astellas announced the discontinuation of darexaban because of high competition on anti-FXa drugs market.

Celivarone is a benzofuran derivative with a multifactorial mode of action including class IV Vaughan Williams’ electrophysiological as well as anti-adrenergic properties. It has no iodine and has a limited tissue accumulation compared with amiodarone. Celivarone exhibits effective anti-arrhythmic properties in several ventricular ischemia- or reperfusioninduced arrhythmia models as well as in in vitro and in vivo atrial fibrillation (AF) models. Its electrophysiological properties are similar to amiodarone (multifactorial mode of action) but with different relative effects on the ion channels. At the ventricular level, celivarone shows anti-arrhythmic activities by suppressing reperfusion-induced arrhythmias (i.v. and oral routes) and reducing the early mortality due to myocardial infarction (oral route) in rats models. At the atrial level, celivarone is effective in atrial fibrillation models with restoration of sinus rhythm or prevention of AF induction and AF recurrence.