Erdosteine is an antioxidant compound developed by Edmond Pharma and approved in Europe for the treatment of chronic bronchitis and COPD. Erdosteine has two thiol groups and is believed to act as a free radicals scavenger (through the formation of the active metabolite I, N-thiodiglycolylhomocysteine). Also the drug effect may be due to the inhibition of the activity of elastase enzyme and its interaction with mucosa. The drug got Orphan Drug designation by FDA for the treatment of bronchiectasis.

Buflomedil (trade name Loftyl) is a vasoactive drug used to treat claudication or the symptoms of peripheral arterial disease. Buflomedil has been used for people with diseases of the leg arteries and has shown some benefits for people with a previous stroke. The most common type of stroke is due to narrowing or blockage of an artery in the brain (i.e. ischaemic stroke). Buflomedil is a drug that can dilate brain blood vessels, which may have benefit for people with ischaemic stroke. However, it has not been approved to treat stroke in clinical practice. In 2012 the European Medicines Agency has completed a review of the safety and effectiveness of buflomedil-containing medicines, both oral and injectable, due to severe neurological and cardiac side effects seen with buflomedil. The Agency’s Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) concluded that the benefits of buflomedil do not outweigh its risks, and has recommended that all marketing authorisations for medicines containing buflomedil should be suspended throughout the European Union (EU).

Timepidium bromide is a quaternary ammonium antimuscarinic used for the symptomatic treatment of visceral spasms. It is a muscarinic antagonist.

Budipine is an antiparkinsonian drug, which was developed by Byk Gulden (now Takeda) for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The drug has multiple mechanisms of action: it was found to interfere with dopamine biosynthesis, mainly by inhibiting MAO-B enzyme and stimulating aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase. Also the drug inhibits the dopamine re-uptake and has weak affinity to NMDA and muscarinic receptors. Budipine passes the blood-brain barrier, is metabolized by hydroxylation, and is excreted by both in urine and feces within 24 h.

Oxabolone is a synthetic anabolic steroid. It can be formulated as the cipionate ester prodrug oxabolone cipionate. Oxabolone cypionate is a structural derivative of nandrolone. It differs via the additional 4-hydroxyl group that is attached, therefore making oxabolone cypionate 4-hydroxynandrolone. Oxabolone is on the World Anti-Doping Agency's list of prohibited substances, and is therefore banned from use in most major sports. Oxabolone cypionate is a relatively rare drug that was once produced in Europe for human use. Was used for the treatment of osteoporosis. It is no longer produced by pharmaceutical companies; Upjohn and Pharmacia were the primary producers of it previously.

METHYLMETHIONINE (S-Methionine methyl sulfonium, SMMS) chloride is a derivative of methionine metabolism in some plants. Methylmethionine has therapeutic effects on gastrointestinal ulceration potentially via its ability to promote dermal fibroblast migration and growth. The natural derivative Methylmethionine is biosynthesized from L-methionine which is first converted to S-adenosylmethionine. The subsequent conversion, involving replacement of the adenosyl group by a methyl group is catalyzed by the enzyme methionine S-methyltransferase. Methylmethionine is particularly abundant in plants, being more abundant than methionine. S-Methylmethionine is sometimes referred to as vitamin U, but it is not considered a true vitamin. The term was coined in 1950 by Garnett Cheney for uncharacterized anti-ulcerogenic factors in raw cabbage juice that may help speed healing of peptic ulcers.

Prulifloxacin is a prodrug of ulifloxacin which has been approved in Italy, Japan, China, India and Greece, for treatment of infections caused by susceptible bacteria, in the following conditions: acute uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections (simple cystitis); complicated lower urinary tract infections; acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis; gastroenteritis, including infectious diarrheas. Like other fluoroquinolones, prulifloxacin prevents bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair and recombination through inhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase.

Remoxipride is a substituted benzamide. It is a weak, but relatively selective, central dopamine D2-receptor antagonist and appears to have preferential affinity for extrastriatal dopamine D2-receptors. It also has marked affinity for central sigma receptors. It was introduced by Astra (Roxiam) at the end of the eighties and was prescribed as an atypical antipsychotic. Remoxipride was withdrawn from the market worldwide by Astra because of several cases of aplastic anaemia associated with the drug.

Dodeclonium bromide, an antiseptic, is an active ingredient of multi-ingredient cream, Phlebocreme. This cream is used for symptomatic treatment of painful and pruritic manifestations, particularly in the anal hemorrhoidal crisis.

Benfluorex under trade name Mediator was launched in 1976 for controlling blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes. In 2009 this drug together with others medicines containing it was withdrawn because of the risk of heart valve disease. The mechanisms by which benfluorex reduces hepatic gluconeogenesis are markedly different from those of metformin, the main antidiabetic compound used in the world. It was suggested that inhibition of gluconeogenesis by benfluorex was, at least in part, due to a decrease in mitochondrial β-oxidation. First, benfluorex decreased acetyl-CoA concentration, which in turn would reduce pyruvate carboxylase activity and release its inhibitory effect on pyruvate dehydrogenase. Second, benfluorex decreased both the ATP-to-ADP and the NAD+-to-NADH ratios, leading to a reduced gluconeogenic flux at the level of 3-phosphoglycerate kinase and GAPDH. Changes in cellular redox state represent probably the main mechanism by which benfluorex reduces glucose production in hepatocytes.