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Restrict the search for
beta carotene
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Status:
US Approved Rx
(1993)
Source:
NDA020213
(1993)
Source URL:
First approved in 1966
Source:
MIOCHOL by NOVARTIS
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter at neuromuscular junctions, at synapses in the ganglia of the visceral motor system, and at a variety of sites within the central nervous system. Whereas a great deal is known about the function of cholinergic transmission at the neuromuscular junction and at ganglionic synapses, the actions of acetylcholine in the central nervous system are not as well understood. Cholinergic system is an important system and a branch of the autonomic nervous system which plays an important role in memory, digestion, control of heart beat, blood pressure, movement and many other functions. Acetylcholine in the brain alters neuronal excitability, influences synaptic transmission, induces synaptic plasticity, and coordinates firing of groups of neurons. Miochol®-E (acetylcholine chloride intraocular solution) is used to obtain miosis of the iris in seconds after delivery of the lens in cataract surgery, in penetrating keratoplasty, iridectomy and other anterior segment surgery where rapid miosis may be required.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2016)
Source:
ANDA204704
(2016)
Source URL:
First approved in 1966
Source:
OVULEN by GD SEARLE LLC
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Etynodiol (used in a form of diacetate) is a steroid that was used as a contraceptive drug. Etynodiol diacetate and etynodiol are rapidly metabolized to an active metabolite, norethisterone, which binds to progesterone receptor and modulates its activity.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2010)
Source:
ANDA200529
(2010)
Source URL:
First approved in 1965
Source:
INDOCIN by ZYLA LIFE SCIENCES
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Indometacin (INN and BAN) or indomethacin (AAN, USAN, and former BAN) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly used as a prescription medication to reduce fever, pain, stiffness, and swelling from inflammation. Indomethacin has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. The mechanism of action of Indometacin, like that of other NSAIDs, is not completely understood but involves inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2). Indomethacin is a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis in vitro. Indomethacin concentrations reached during therapy have produced in vivo effects. Prostaglandins sensitize afferent nerves and potentiate the action of bradykinin in inducing pain in animal models. Prostaglandins are mediators of inflammation. Because indomethacin is an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, its mode of action may be due to a decrease of prostaglandins in peripheral tissues. Indometacin is indicated for: Moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis including acute flares of chronic disease, Moderate to severe ankylosing spondylitis, Moderate to severe osteoarthritis, Acute painful shoulder (bursitis and/or tendinitis), Acute gouty arthritis. In general, adverse effects seen with indomethacin are similar to all other NSAIDs. For instance, indometacin inhibits both cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2, it inhibits the production of prostaglandins in the stomach and intestines, which maintain the mucous lining of the gastrointestinal tract. Indometacin, therefore, like other non-selective COX inhibitors can cause peptic ulcers. These ulcers can result in serious bleeding and/or perforation requiring hospitalization of the patient. To reduce the possibility of peptic ulcers, indomethacin should be prescribed at the lowest dosage needed to achieve a therapeutic effect, usually between 50–200 mg/day. It should always be taken with food. Nearly all patients benefit from an ulcer protective drug (e.g. highly dosed antacids, ranitidine 150 mg at bedtime, or omeprazole 20 mg at bedtime). Other common gastrointestinal complaints, including dyspepsia, heartburn and mild diarrhea are less serious and rarely require discontinuation of indomethacin.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(1989)
Source:
NDA050655
(1989)
Source URL:
First approved in 1964
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Conditions:
Nafcillin is a beta-lactam antibiotic of penicillin class. As a beta-lactamase-resistant penicillin, it is used to treat infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria, in particular, species of staphylococci that are resistant to other penicillins.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(1988)
Source:
ANDA071484
(1988)
Source URL:
First approved in 1963
Source:
ONCOVIN by LILLY
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Vincristine is a vinca alkaloid antineoplastic agent used as a treatment for various cancers including breast cancer, Hodgkin's disease, Kaposi's sarcoma, and testicular cancer. The vinca alkaloids are structurally similar compounds comprised of 2 multiringed units, vindoline and catharanthine. The vinca alkaloids have become clinically useful since the discovery of their antitumour properties in 1959. Initially, extracts of the periwinkle plant (Catharanthus roseus) were investigated because of putative hypoglycemic properties, but were noted to cause marrow suppression in rats and antileukemic effects in vitro. Vincristine binds to the microtubular proteins of the mitotic spindle, leading to crystallization of the microtubule and mitotic arrest or cell death. Vincristine has some immunosuppressant effect. The vinca alkaloids are considered to be cell cycle phase-specific. The antitumor activity of Vincristine is thought to be due primarily to inhibition of mitosis at metaphase through its interaction with tubulin. Like other vinca alkaloids, Vincristine may also interfere with: 1) amino acid, cyclic AMP, and glutathione metabolism, 2) calmodulin-dependent Ca2+-transport ATPase activity, 3) cellular respiration, and 4) nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis.Vincristine was marketed under the brand name Oncovin, but was discontinued. In 2012 the FDA approved a Liposomal formulation of Vincristine, named MARQIBO KIT.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2009)
Source:
ANDA090354
(2009)
Source URL:
First approved in 1963
Source:
POLYCILLIN by BRISTOL
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Ampicillin is a penicillin beta-lactam antibiotic. The following gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria have been shown in in vitro studies to be susceptible to ampicillin: Hemolytic and nonhemolytic streptococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Nonpenicillinase-producing staphylococci, Clostridium spp., B. anthracis, Listeria monocytogenes, most strains of enterococci, H. influenzae, N. gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis, Proteus mirabilis, many strains of Salmonella, Shigella, and E. coli. Ampicillin is indicated in the treatment of bacterial meningitis, septicemia, endocarditis, urinary tract, gastrointestinal, respiratory tract infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated organisms.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2012)
Source:
ANDA091245
(2012)
Source URL:
First approved in 1962
Source:
PROSTAPHLIN by APOTHECON
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Oxacillin is a penicillin beta-lactam antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually gram-positive, organisms. The name "penicillin" can either refer to several variants of penicillin available, or to the group of antibiotics derived from the penicillins. Oxacillin has in vitro activity against gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The bactericidal activity of Oxacillin results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis and is mediated through Oxacillin binding to penicillin binding proteins (PBPs). Oxacillin is stable against hydrolysis by a variety of beta-lactamases, including penicillinases, and cephalosporinases and extended spectrum beta-lactamases. By binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, Oxacillin inhibits the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins; it is possible that Oxacillin interferes with an autolysin inhibitor. Oxacillin is used in the treatment of resistant staphylococci infections. Oxacillin sodium was marketed under the trade name Bactocill.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2017)
Source:
ANDA210124
(2017)
Source URL:
First approved in 1962
Source:
FLUOROURACIL by SPECTRUM PHARMS
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Tegafur (INN, BAN, USAN) is a chemotherapeutic fluorouracil prodrug used in the treatment of cancers. It is a component of the combination drugs tegafur/uracil and tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil. UFT is an anticancer medication composed of a fixed molar ration (1:4) of tegafur and uracil. This drug is commonly used in the treatment of head and neck cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatic cancer, gallbladder cancer, bile-duct cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer, prostatic cancer, or uterine cervical cancer. In the body, tegafur is converted into 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), the active antineoplastic metabolite. The mechanism of cytotoxicity of 5-FU is thought to be derived from the fact that 5-fluoro-deoxyuridine-monophosphate (FdUMP), the active metabolite of 5-FU, competes with deoxyuridine-monophosphate (dUMP), thereby inhibiting thymidylate synthase and subsequently DNA synthesis. Another active metabolite of 5-FU, 5-fluorouridine-triphosphate (FUTP) is integrated into cellular RNA, inhibiting RNA function. Uracil, when combined with tegafur, enhances the antitumor activity of 5-FU due to higher 5-FU concentrations in the tumor tissue versus normal surrounding tissue compared with tegafur alone. Uracil inhibits degradation of the released 5-FU. The combination of these two drugs enhances the antitumor activity of Tegafur.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(1985)
Source:
ANDA070076
(1985)
Source URL:
First approved in 1962
Source:
ALDOMET by MERCK
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Methyldopate hydrochloride [levo-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methylalanine, ethyl ester hydrochloride] is the ethyl ester of methyldopa, supplied as the hydrochloride salt with a molecular weight of 275.73. Methyldopate hydrochloride is more soluble and stable in solution than methyldopa and is the preferred form for intravenous use. Methyldopate hydrochloride is an alpha adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2016)
Source:
ANDA207851
(2016)
Source URL:
First approved in 1961
Source:
Cordran by Lilly
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Flurandrenolide is a potent corticosteroid intended for topical use. Flurandrenolide occurs as white to off-white, fluffy, crystalline powder and is odorless. Flurandrenolide is practically insoluble in water and in the ether. Cordran is primarily effective because of its anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, and vasoconstrictive actions. The mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of topical corticosteroids is not completely understood. Corticosteroids with anti-inflammatory activity may stabilize cellular and lysosomal membranes. There is also the suggestion that the effect on the membranes of lysosomes prevents the release of proteolytic enzymes and, thus, plays a part in reducing inflammation. Flurandrenolide is indicated for the relief of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses.
