Isosorbide is an effective hyperosmotic agent which can be administered orally without gastrointestinal irritation. It is absorbed quantitatively and more than 95% of the administered dose is excreted unchanged in the urine. Oral administration of a 50% solution to rabbits or man results in prompt increases in osmolarity of the serum and profound decreases in intraocular pressure. The drug proves useful in acute primary and secondary glaucomas, and as preoperative medication for various surgical procedures including cataract extraction, retinal detachment, corneal transplant, and glaucoma operations.

Cupric nitrate (Copper(II) nitrate) is an inorganic compound that forms a blue crystalline solid. Copper(II) nitrate finds a variety of applications, the main one being its conversion to copper(II) oxide, which is used as catalyst for a variety of processes in organic chemistry. Its solutions are used in textiles and polishing agents for other metals. Copper nitrates are found in some pyrotechnics. It is often used in school laboratories to demonstrate chemical voltaic cell reactions. Strong oxidizing agent.

Clonitrate (chloroglyceryl dinitrate) is a derivative of nitroglycerin. The compound is identical with glycerol trinitrate with the exception of the replacement of the nitrate radical on the first carbon atom by an atom of chlorine. Clonitrate is equipotent with glycerine trinitrate in increasing coronary flow in Langendorff rabbit heart and appears to evoke a lesser degree of depressor response. In the 1960s, clonitrate was used in the clinics a vasodilator for the treatment of angina pectoris.

DIMETHYL ISOSORBIDE is an inactive component of VANOS® Cream indicated for the relief of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses in patients 12 years of age or older.