U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

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Showing 21 - 30 of 36245 results


Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)


Remimazolam is an intravenous benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic with rapid onset and offset of action. This compound undergoes organ-independent metabolism to an inactive metabolite. Like other benzodiazepines, remimazolam can be reversed with flumazenil to rapidly terminate sedation and anesthesia. Phase I and II clinical trials have shown that remimazolam is safe and effective when used for procedural sedation. Phase III clinical trials have been completed investigating efficacy and safety in patients undergoing bronchoscopy and colonoscopy. The developer of this drug has suggested that intensive care unit sedation (beyond 24 hours) could be another possible indication for further development, since it is unlikely that prolonged infusions or higher doses of remimazolam would result in accumulation and extended effect.
Bristol-Myers Squibb developed Rimegepant, also known as BMS-927711. Rimegepant is a potent, selective, competitive and orally active calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonist in clinical trials for treating migraine. Rimegepant has shown in vivo efficacy without vasoconstrictor effect; it is superior to placebo at several different doses (75 mg, 150 mg, and 300 mg) and has an excellent tolerability profile.
Osilodrostat (INN, USAN) (developmental code name LCI-699) is an orally active, non-steroidal corticosteroid biosynthesis inhibitor which is under development by Novartis for the treatment of Cushing's syndrome and pituitary ACTH hypersecretion (a specific subtype of Cushing's syndrome). Osilodrostat specifically acts as a potent and selective inhibitor of aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) and at higher dosages of 11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1). Osilodrostat decreases plasma and urinary aldosterone levels and rapidly corrects hypokalemia, in patients with primary aldosteronism and hypertension. At doses ≥1 mg o.d. Osilodrostat markedly increases 11-deoxycortisol plasma levels and blunts ACTH-stimulated cortisol release in ≈20% of patients, consistent with the inhibition of CYP11B1. In patients with resistant hypertension, Osilodrostat produces a non-significant reduction in blood pressure, possibly due to the increase in 11-deoxycortisol levels and the stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal feedback axis. Because of the lack of selectivity, poor antihypertensive effect, and short half-life, the development of Osilodrostat as antihypertensive was halted. As of 2017, Osilodrostat is in phase III and phase II clinical trials for the treatment of pituitary ACTH hypersecretion and Cushing's syndrome, respectively.
Nifurtimox is a nitrofuran derivative used as a primary agent in the treatment of American trypanosomiasis (Chagas' disease) caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, especially in the acute, early stage of the disease. The efficacy of nifurtimox in the treatment of chronic Chagas' disease varies from one country to another, possibly due to variation in the sensitivity of different strains of the organism. Nifurtimox has also been used to treat African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) and is active in the second stage of the disease (central nervous system involvement). When nifurtimox is given on its own, about half of all patients will relapse, but the combination of melarsoprol with nifurtimox appears to be efficacious. Nifurtimox forms a nitro-anion radical metabolite that reacts with nucleic acids of the parasite causing significant break down of DNA. Nifurtimox undergoes reduction and creates oxygen radicals such as superoxide. These radicals are toxic to T. cruzi. Mammalian cells are protected by the presence of catalase, glutathione, peroxidases, and superoxide dismutase. Accumulation of hydrogen peroxide to cytotoxic levels results in parasite death. Side effects occur following chronic administration, particularly in elderly people. Major toxicities include immediate hypersensitivities such as anaphylaxis and delayed hypersensitivity reaction involving icterus and dermatitis. Central nervous system disturbances and peripheral neuropathy may also occur.
Relugolix (TAK-385) is an orally active nonpeptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) that binds to human GnRH receptors with subnanomolar affinity. Relugolix was demonstrated to act as a classic competitive antagonist of GnRH binding, but the exact molecular mechanism of that antagonism remains unknown. This drug is being developed as a treatment for various sex hormone related disorders. Clinical trials have been conducted to study safety and efficacy of relugolix as a treatment in endometriosis, uterine fibroids (noncancerous growths of the uterus), and prostate cancer. Two phase III trials evaluating the efficacy of Relugolix in patients with uterine fibroids were completed in 2019. No serious adverse events were reported.
Bempedoic acid (also known as ETC-1002) is a novel investigational drug being developed for the treatment of dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia and other cardio-metabolic risk factors. The hypolipidemic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-obesity, and glucose-lowering properties of ETC-1002, characterized in preclinical disease models, are believed to be due to dual inhibition of sterol and fatty acid synthesis and enhanced mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation. Investigations into the mechanism of action revealed that bempedoic acid-free acid activates AMP-activated protein kinase in a Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase β-independent and liver kinase β-1-dependent manner, without detectable changes in adenylate energy charge. In the liver, bempedoic acid is also converted to a coenzyme A (CoA) derivative (ETC-1002-CoA )which directly inhibits ATP citrate lyase (ACL), a key enzyme that supplies a substrate for cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis in the liver. Inhibition of ACL by ETC-1002-CoA results in reduced cholesterol synthesis and upregulation of LDL receptor activity in the liver. This promotes the removal of LDL-C from the blood.
Ozanimod (previously known as RPC-1063) is a selective immune-inflammatory modulator of the G protein-coupled receptors sphingosine 1-phosphate 1 and 5, which are part of the sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor family. Treatment with S1P receptor modulators interferes with S1P signaling and blocks the response of lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) to exit signals from the lymph nodes, sequestering them within the nodes. The result is a downward modulation of circulating lymphocytes and anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting cell migration to sites of inflammation. Ozanimod is currently in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) and ulcerative colitis, and also in phase II clinical trials to determine whether it is effective in the treatment of Crohn's disease.
Selumetinib (AZD6244 or ARRY-142886) is a potent, selective, and ATP-uncompetitive inhibitor of Ras-Raf-mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK1/2). This inhibition can prevent ERK activation, disrupt downstream signal transduction, and inhibit cancer cell proliferation and survival. Selumetinib has shown tumour suppressive activity in multiple rodent models of human cancer including melanoma, pancreatic, colon, lung, and breast cancers. AstraZeneca is responsible for development and commercialization of selumetinib.

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)


Relebactum sodium (MK-7655) is a piperidine analog 3 that inhibits class A and C β-lactamases (in vitro). It is being investigated for use in treatment of infectious diseases, such as treatment of gram-negative bacterial infections. Its potential as an alternative to existing medicines in the treatment of drug-resistant bacterial infections is being studied. Clinical trials have been conducted and are still ongoing to evaluate the efficacy and safety of relebactum sodium in treatment of intra-abdominal infections, urinary tract infections (such as pyelonephritis), hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonias, and gram-negative bacterial infections.
Erdafitinib (JNJ-42756493) is a potent and selective orally bioavailable, pan fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. It was discovered in collaboration with Janssen Pharmaceutica, N.V. from a partnership which commenced in June 2008. Astex’s FGFr inhibitor program originated from a collaboration initiated in 2005 with the Cancer Research UK Drug Discovery Group at the Newcastle Cancer Centre (Newcastle University UK), and Cancer Research Technology Limited. JNJ42756493 is currently being evaluated by Janssen in Phase 2 clinical trials in patients with urothelial cancer, advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, advanced non-small lung cancer, esophageal cancer or cholangiocarcinoma. JNJ-42756493 is a potent, oral pan-FGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor with half-maximal inhibitory concentration values in the low nanomolar range for all members of the FGFR family (FGFR1 to FGFR4), with minimal activity on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) kinases compared with FGFR kinases (approximately 20-fold potency difference). In vitro, the proliferation of cells treated with JNJ-42756493 is decreased, associated with increased apoptotic death and decreased cell survival. It is also in phase I trials for the treatment of advanced refractory solid tumors or advanced refractory hematologic cancer.