| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Molecular Formula | C19H36O5 |
| Molecular Weight | 344.4861 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
CC(C)(CCCCCC(O)CCCCCC(C)(C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O
InChI
InChIKey=HYHMLYSLQUKXKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C19H36O5/c1-18(2,16(21)22)13-9-5-7-11-15(20)12-8-6-10-14-19(3,4)17(23)24/h15,20H,5-14H2,1-4H3,(H,21,22)(H,23,24)
| Molecular Formula | C19H36O5 |
| Molecular Weight | 344.4861 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
MOL RATIO
1 MOL RATIO (average) |
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
Bempedoic acid (also known as ETC-1002) is a novel investigational drug being developed for the treatment of dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia and other cardio-metabolic risk factors. The hypolipidemic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-obesity, and glucose-lowering properties of ETC-1002, characterized in preclinical disease models, are believed to be due to dual inhibition of sterol and fatty acid synthesis and enhanced mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation. Investigations into the mechanism of action revealed that bempedoic acid-free acid activates AMP-activated protein kinase in a Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase β-independent and liver kinase β-1-dependent manner, without detectable changes in adenylate energy charge. In the liver, bempedoic acid is also converted to a coenzyme A (CoA) derivative (ETC-1002-CoA )which directly inhibits ATP citrate lyase (ACL), a key enzyme that supplies a substrate for cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis in the liver. Inhibition of ACL by ETC-1002-CoA results in reduced cholesterol synthesis and upregulation of LDL receptor activity in the liver. This promotes the removal of LDL-C from the blood.
Originator
Approval Year
Doses
AEs
Overview
| CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
|---|---|---|---|
OverviewOther
| Other Inhibitor | Other Substrate | Other Inducer |
|---|---|---|
Drug as victim
Sourcing
PubMed
Sample Use Guides
ETC-1002 (BEMPEDOIC ACID) 180 mg tablets taken orally, once per day.
Route of Administration:
Oral
Consistent with ETC-1002-induced AMPK activation observed in rat liver, HepG2 cells treated with ETC-1002 (100 uM) revealed a sustained and concentration-dependent increase in AMPK (T172) and ACC (S79) phosphorylation comparable to the AMPK-activating effect of metformin (1,000 μM). To further characterize the mechanism leading to AMPK activation by ETC-1002, HepG2 cells were pretreated with STO-609, an AMPK kinase Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase β (CaMKKβ)-specific inhibitor. STO-609 did not significantly reduce AMPK or ACC phosphorylation in ETC-1002- or metformin-treated cells, indicating that AMPK activation is not dependent on intracellular Ca2+ signaling. Intriguingly, while the ATP analog and AMPK inhibitor, compound C, significantly reduced AMPK and ACC phosphorylation by metformin, it did not inhibit ETC-1002-dependent AMPK activation. To determine whether ETC-1002-dependent AMPK activation is associated with reductions in AEC, intracellular ATP, ADP, and AMP concentrations were measured in HepG2 cells treated with vehicle, rotenone (10 μM), or ETC-1002 (100 μM). Treatment with rotenone (complex I inhibitor) resulted in increased AMP and ADP levels and in reduced ATP levels and AEC compared with vehicle treatment, while ETC-1002 had no effect. These data suggest that the activation of the AMPK pathway by ETC-1002 may be independent of reductions in energy production.
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METABOLITE ACTIVE -> PRODRUG |
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