Se-75 norcholesterol is radiopharmaceutical derivative of cholesterol, a natural precursor in the synthesis of adrenocortical steroid hormones. Se-75 is a radioactive isotope of selenium, it has half-life period of 120 days, and emits gamma-rays upon decay. Se-75 norcholesterol was used under tradename Scintadren to diagnose a wide range of adrenal pathologies, including Cushing syndrome, Cushing's disease, carcinoma, adrenal insufficiency, and phaeochromocytoma. The drug was withdrawn in the early 2000s in favor of I-131 norcholesterol.

IOLOPRIDE I-123 (also known as I-123 iodobenzamide), a radioactive drug that can be seen by Single-photon emission computed tomography. This drug binds to the some dopamine receptors and can be used in the neonatal period. It shows the biochemical maturation of D2 receptors and also manifests the deleterious effect of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic events on D2 receptors.

Fluorocholine-F18 is a tracer for positron emission tomography that can be used in oncology for the evaluation of metastatic prostate cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and recurrent brain tumor. After crossing the cell membrane by a carrier-mediated mechanism, Fluorocholine-F18 is converted to cytidinediphosphatecholine and incorporated into phosphatidylcholine which is a component of the cell membrane. This process has been found to be upregulated in malignant cells, providing a mechanism for the enhanced accumulation of radiolabelled choline by neoplasms.

Tauroselcholic acid Se-75 (SeHCAT) is an analog of naturally occurring bile acid conjugate taurocholic acid. It contains a radioactive isotope of selenium, which decays with a half-life of 120 days by emitting gamma-radiation. Tauroselcholic acid is used in clinical tests to diagnose bile acid malabsorption. This is achieved by determining either the excretion of activity in feces or the retention of the activity in the body over a period of days. Tauroselcholic acid is useful in the assessment of ileal involvement in, Crohn's disease, in assessing reduction of ileal absorptive function following certain surgical interventions and in assisting in the classification of patients suffering from chronic diarrhea.

Norcholestenol iodomethyl I-131 (I-131 adosterol) is a cholesterol analogue, used for local diagnosis of areas with adrenal gland disorder. Upon entering the cell, adosterol is converted to a metabolically inert ester, and becomes trapped in the cell.

Indium In-111 is used in specialized diagnostic applications, for example, with indium-111 labelled antibodies. It is useful for labelling blood cell components. Other applications include labelling of platelets for thrombus detection, labelled leukocytes for localization of inflammation and abscesses, as well as leukocyte kinetics. Indium forms a saturated (1:3) complex with oxyquinoline. The complex is neutral and lipidsoluble, which enables it to penetrate the cell membrane. Within the cell, indium becomes firmly attached to cytoplasmic components; the liberated oxyquinoline is released by the cell. It is thought likely that the mechanism of labeling cells with indium In 111 oxyquinoline involves an exchange reaction between the oxyquinoline carrier and subcellular components which chelate indium more strongly than oxyquinoline. Indium In-111 oxyquinoline is indicated for radiolabeling autologous leukocytes. Indium In-111 oxyquinoline labeled leukocytes may be used as an adjunct in the detection of inflammatory processes to which leukocytes migrate, such as those associated with abscesses or other infection, following reinjection and detection by appropriate imaging procedures. The degree of accuracy may vary with labeling techniques and with the size, location and nature of the inflammatory process. Sensitivity reactions (urticaria) have been reported. The presence of fever may mask pyrogenic reactions from indium In 111 oxyquinoline labeled leukocytes. Indium In-111 Chloride is a diagnostic radiopharmaceutical intended for radiolabeling OncoScint (satumomab pendetide) or ProstaScint (capromab pendetide) used for in vivo diagnostic imaging procedures and for radiolabeling Zevalin (ibritumomab tiuxetan) in preparations used for radioimmunotherapy procedures.

Rubidium Rb-82 is a radioactive isotope of rubidium. It is widely used for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of the myocardium under rest or pharmacologic stress conditions to evaluate regional myocardial perfusion in adult patients with suspected or existing coronary artery disease. Rb-82 decays by positron emission and associated gamma emission with a physical half-life of 75 seconds. In biochemical behavior, it is analogous to potassium ion (K+) and is rapidly extracted by the myocardium proportional to the blood flow. Rb+ participates in the sodium-potassium (Na+/K+) ion exchange pumps that are present in cell membranes. 82 radioactivity in viable myocardium is higher than in infarcted tissue, reflecting intracellular retention. Rubidium 82 chloride was approved by the FDA and is marketed under a trade name Ruby-Fill and Cardiogen-82.