Fedovapagon, also known as VA106483 and VT483, is a potent, nonpeptidic vasopressin V2 receptor agonist. Vasopressin (AVP) is a hormone that stimulates an increase in water permeability through activation of V2 receptors in the kidney. Fedovapagon (VA106483) was discovered by Vantia and currently in Phase II trials for the treatment of nocturia, a common condition that causes sufferers to wake frequently during the night in order to urinate. Fedovapagon has been extensively studied in clinical trials and data, presented at the American Urological Association meeting in 2010, demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in nocturnal urine volumes and a reliable pharmacodynamic effect on repeated dosing. More recently, data presented in San Diego at the 2012 American Urological Association meeting, showed that fedovapagon was effective from the first night of dosing and that there was no effect following cessation of dosing. Further presentations are planned for the International Continence Society meeting being held in Barcelona in August 2013. These data suggest that fedovapagon has the potential to be an effective and well tolerated antidiuretic for the treatment of nocturia. Fedovapagon is currently being investigated as a new treatment for nocturia in a Phase-II/III clinical trials in USA (PO)(NCT02637960).

BNC105P, a vascular disrupting agent, is a disodium phosphate ester prodrug of BNC105. BNC105P is a tubulin polymerization inhibitor that suppresses cancer cell proliferation. BNC105P participated in phase I/II trial for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Although the primary endpoint was not met in an unselected population, correlative studies suggested several biomarkers that warrant further prospective evaluation. Besides, BNC105P was involved in phase II clinical trial as second-line chemotherapy for advanced malignant pleural mesothelioma. The drug was safe and tolerable, but the sole response was insufficient to warrant further research as a single agent. In addition, BNC105P in combination with Ibrutinib was studied in phase I trials for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia to determine the preliminary assessment of the efficacy.

Ordopidine (also known as ACR-325) is a dopaminergic stabilizer that acts as dopamine D2 receptor antagonists with low affinity. Ordopidine under the development of NeuroSearch participated in phase I trials for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and bipolar disorder. Information about the current study of this drug is not available.

Mavoglurant (AFQ056) was developed as a new metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) antagonist. The efficacy of mavoglurant in humans has been assessed in L-dopa induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease and Fragile X syndrome in proof of principle clinical studies. However, Novartis had announced that the company would be discontinuing its development program in Fragile X following negative results in a large international clinical trial in adults, and more recently in a trial in adolescents. In both placebo-controlled trials, patients taking mavoglurant did not show improvement over placebo in any outcome measures. In patients with L-Dopa-induced dyskinesias studies failed to meet the primary objective of demonstrating improvement of dyskinesia. Mavoglurant was also investigated in phase II clinical trials to reduce chorea in Huntington's disease, but the target result was not achieved. Currently Novartis is conducting a phase II clinical trial to demonstrate whether or not this drug can benificially reduce cocaine use in Cocaine Use Disorder.

Americium is a radioactive metallic element with atomic number 95 and element symbol Am. It's the only synthetic element encountered in everyday life, in minute quantities in ionization-type smoke detectors. Americium was first synthesized and identified in 1944 by Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph James, L Morgan, and Albert Ghiorso at the University of California, Berkeley as part of the Manhattan Project. The element was produced using a 60-inch cyclotron. Americium is a shiny silver radioactive metal. All isotopes of this element are radioactive. The isotope with the longest half-life is americium-243, which has a half-life of 7370 years. The most common isotopes are americium-241, with a half-life of 432.7 years, and americium-243. Americium-242 is also known, with a half-life of 141 years. In total, 19 isotopes and 8 nuclear isomers have been characterized. The isotopes variously undergo alpha, beta, and gamma decay. EPA Facts AboutAmericium-241EPA Facts About Americium-241 July 2002 What is americium-241? Americium is a man-made radioactive metal that exists as a solid under normal conditions. Americium is produced when plutonium absorbs neutrons in nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons tests. Americium occurs in several forms called isotopes. The most common isotope is americium-241. Americium when blended with beryllium is used as a neutron source in the testing of machinery and in thickness gauges in the glass industry. Americium also is used as a radiation source in medical diagnostic devices and in research. Possible uses are in medicine where gamma emission of Am-241 has allowed the deter-mination of mineral content of bones, lipid content of soft tissues, and body composition. Americium is commonly used in minute amounts in smoke detectors as an ionization source. However this isotope is extremely expensive to produce in usable quantities. There is no known biological role of americium in living organisms. It's generally considered toxic because of its radioactivity.

Dexsotalol is an isomer of antiarrhythmic drug d,l-sotalol, but in opposite to drug, it increases the incidence of arrhythmias

Propoxycarbazone-Sodium (also known as BAY MKH 6561) is asulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone derivative patented by German multinational pharmaceutical and life sciences company Bayer A.-G. as herbicide Propoxycarbazone inhibits acetolactate synthase (ALS), and has selectivity on spring, winter, and durum varieties. The spectrum of control includes several species of monocot and dicot weeds at the application rates of 30 to 45 g/ha. Bromus control is the primary target since existing herbicides have limited timing, selectivity, and use patterns which reduce usefulness. Propoxycarbazone applied postemergence between the 1- to 2-leaf stage and shoot elongation has provided economic control of the following Bromus species: B. tectorum, B. secalinus, B. mollis, B. rigidus, and B. japonicus. Side effects, and sometimes control, was also noted on Aegilops tauschii for which there is no selective control outside genetically altered wheat cultivars. Broadleaf control was obtained primarily on the mustard family, including species in the genera Sisymbrium, Brassica, Descurainia, Chorispora, Camelina, Capsella, and Thlaspi. Propoxycarbazone provides control for adequate weed spectrum, however, considerations of resistance management, difficult and diverse weed pressure, and extended growing seasons will sometimes necessitate the use of sequential herbicides or mix partners.

Xanthohumol is a prenylated flavonoid most abundant in hops. It is found in beers and refreshment drinks. It can attenuate several factors of the metabolic syndrome. It has been reported to inhibit adipogenesis or increase cell apoptosis and therefore can be used in preventing obesity. Xanthohumol inhibited angiogenesis by suppressing NF-κB activity in pancreatic cancer. Xanthohumol may represent a novel therapeutic agent for the management of pancreatic cancer. Moreover, it is in phase I clinical trials for preventing many types of cancer. It has a range of other biological properties: antiviral, antimalarial, antibacterial and as an osteoporosis preventing agent.

Rolodine (BW 58-271) is a pyrrolopynimidine. This compound has been described in the 1960’s as a potent hypnotic agent and a skeletal muscle relaxant. Rolodine has a local anesthetic effect when applied to the isolated frog sciatic nerve and blocks spontaneous electrical activity (as measured by EEG) lasting for several minutes in cats. No information is available on current use of this central nervous system depressant.

Nibroxane, 5-bromo-2-methyl-5-nitro-m-dioxane, is a topically effective antimicrobial agent with a broad spectrum of activity. Nibroxane is unusual in that it not only possesses high microbiocidal activity against Gram positive (Staphylococcus uureus) and Gram negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria but also against yeasts (Candida albicans) and moulds (Aspergillus niger). In addition, the 5-bromo-5-nitro-m-dioxanes have, as a class of compounds, the distinct advantage of being chemically stable over a wide pH range. This inherent stability, coupled with its broad spectrum of microbiocidal activity, makes nibroxane an excellent candidate as a preservative for cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations.