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Restrict the search for
methylene blue
to a specific field?
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Loprazolam is a hypnotic drug which stimulates GABA-A receptors. Due to its hypnotic activity the drug is used to treat short-term sleep disordes.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Loprazolam is a hypnotic drug which stimulates GABA-A receptors. Due to its hypnotic activity the drug is used to treat short-term sleep disordes.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
NCT04601324: Phase 4 Interventional Withdrawn Allergic Rhinitis
(2020)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Rupatadine is characterised as a non-sedating H1 anti-histamine and platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor antagonist. Rupatadine is indicated for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Rupatadine is a safe and well tolerated drug in patients over 2 years old, with no central nervous system or cardiovascular effects and it can be taken with or without foods.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Conditions:
Talcalcitol is a synthetic analogue of vitamin D3. Tacalcitol has been developed by Teijin in Japan with the aim of maintaining the potent cell-regulating properties of calcitriol without the calcium-related adverse effects. Tacalcitol differs structurally from calcitriol by hydroxylation in the 24 position instead of the 25 position. Tacalcitol can influence the principal pathogenetic factors of psoriasis by inducing normalisation of keratinocyte differentiation, performing an anti-proliferative action and finally modulating the inflammatory response. Tacalcitol has been launched as an ointment formulation for the treatment of psoriasis in various countries. High-dose formulations (ointment and lotion) are available in Japan.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Nitroblue Tetrazolium (NBT) is a chromogenic substrate that, like other tetrazolium compounds, can be reduced to produce a colored formazan derivative. Conventionally, a semi-quantitative microscopic NBT assay is used to determine the production of superoxide anion (O2(-)) in various phagocytic cells. This microscopic assay is conducted by counting the cells containing blue NBT formazan deposits, which are formed by reduction of the membrane permeable, water-soluble, yellow-colored, nitroblue tetrazolium (Y-NBT) by O2(-). NBT test, the oldest and most recognized diagnostic test for chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), relies on light microscopy to provide a mostly qualitative determination of phagocyte NADPH oxidase activity: production of blue reduced NBT formazan in normal cells but not in those from patients with CGD. NBT can also be used as a chromogenic activity stain for oxidoreductases in gels or solutions. More commonly NBT is often paired with 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-inolyl phosphate (PCIB) for the colorimetric detection of alkaline phosphatase activity. Alkaline phosphate converts PCIB to a product that reduces NBT to its formazan derivative, resulting in a black-purple precipitate.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
Toxogonin by Merck KGaA
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Obidoxime is an antidote for organophosphorous nerve agent poisoning including chlorosarin, cyclosarin (GF), R-33 (VR), R-VX, sarin (GB), tabun (GA), VX, chlorosoman, soman (GD), and organophosphorous pesticides. It acts as an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) reactivator. In combination with atropine obidoxime can be used to treat super toxic organophosphate poisoning by relieving the symptoms of skeletal neuromuscular blocking that occurs during a cholinergic crisis.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
Fenoctimine sulfate by ZYF Pharm Chemical
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Fenoctimine is a nonanticholinergic inhibitor of gastric acid secretion in dogs and rats. Fenoctimine was more potent than cimetidine in the reduction of basal acid secretion in the gastric fistula rat and inhibited the production of gastric acid stimulated by histamine, gastrin tetrapeptide or bethanechol in the chronic gastric fistula dog. This compound is not an H2-antagonist but does inhibit the H+/K+-ATPase of hog gastric mucosa. The in vitro metabolism of fenoctimine by rat liver homogenates resulted in the oxidation of the aliphatic chain at the seven carbon, initially to an alcohol and then to a ketone. The unexpectedly weak effect of fenoctimine as a gastric antisecretory agent in humans, as well as anticholinergic effects, may be due to its extensive metabolism, which is different from that seen in dog and rat. The development of fenoctimine has been discontinued for unspecified reason.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
NCT02741947: Phase 4 Interventional Completed Parkinson Disease
(2014)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Conditions:
Benserazide is a peripherally-acting aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) or DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor. Benserazide is only used in conjunction with L-dopa for the treatment of Parkinson's disease under the brand name Madopar in the UK. Madopar HBS (125 mg) is a controlled-release dosage form with 100 mg L-dopa and 25 mg benserazide.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
Amasulin by Takeda Chemical Industries
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Carumonam is a monobactam antibacterial agent. It was highly active in vitro against members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Haemophilus influenzae and weakly active against Streptococcus pneumoniae, but it was not active against Staphylococcus aureus. The excellent activity of carumonam against Gram-negative bacteria is related to its high affinity for their penicillin-binding proteins. It is indicated for the treatment of urinary tract infections, chronic respiratory infections, biliary tract infections, peritonitis, sepsis. Another factor that contributes to the excellent activity of carumonam against Gram-negative bacteria is its resistance to beta-lactamases. Adverse effects of the carumonam were limited to phlebitis at the intravenous infusion site; bloody diarrhea.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
MUCOSOLVAN by Boehringer Ingelheim
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Ambroxol, a substituted benzylamine, is an active
metabolite of bromhexine, which is itself
a synthetic derivative of vasicine, the active principle extracted from the plant species Adhatoda vasica. Ambroxol is an expectorant exerting mucokinetic properties, mucociliary activity, stimulation of surfactant production, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative actions and the local anaesthetic effect. Ambroxol was discovered at and has been manufactured by Dr. Karl Thomae GmbH, a division of Boehringer Ingelheim. The ambroxol patent is expired and the drug is available as a generic product from many different companies. Ambroxol was originally developed by Boehringer Ingelheim as a OTC therapy for respiratory disorders related to excessive mucus. Ambroxol's indication is secretolytic therapy in acute and chronic bronchopulmonary diseases associated with abnormal mucus secretion and impaired mucus transport. Boehringer Ingelheim markets the product under various brand names such as Mucosolvan® and Lasolvan®. Ambroxol was identified and found to be a pH-dependent, mixed-type inhibitor of glucocerebrosidase (GCase). Its inhibitory activity was maximal at neutral pH, found in the endoplasmic reticulum, and undetectable at the acidic pH of lysosomes. The pH dependence of Ambroxol to bind and stabilize the enzyme was confirmed. Ambroxol increases both the lysosomal fraction and the enzymatic activity of several mutant GCase variants. This profile of Ambroxol would allow to bind and stabilize GCase in the endoplasmic reticulum (thus preventing its degradation within endoplasmic reticulum), but without affecting GCase in the lysosomes (thus allowing it to degrade glucosylceramide). Indeed, studies showed that Ambroxol treatment significantly increased N370S and F213I mutant GCase activity and protein levels in fibroblasts originally obtained from Gaucher patients. Gaucher's disease is caused by the deficiency of glucocerebrosidase; ambroxol is a chaperone that acts by binding to and stabilising glucocerebrosidase. Zywie (formerly ExSAR Corporation) and Belrose Pharma are developing ambroxol hydrochloride (BEL 0218) for the treatment of type III Gaucher's disease.
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