PENICILLIN V HYDRABAMINE, a semi-synthetic antibiotic, is used for the treatment of mild to moderately severe infections (e.g. dental infection, infections in the heart, middle ear infections, rheumatic fever, scarlet fever, skin infections, upper and lower respiratory tract infections) caused by susceptible, usually gram-positive, organisms.

PENICILLIN G HYDRABAMINE, a semi-synthetic antibiotic, is used for the treatment of infections caused by susceptible, usually gram-positive, organisms.

AMINOBENZOATE SODIUM is a salt of Aminobenzoic acid. Aminobenzoic acid is an intermediate in the synthesis of folate by bacteria, plants, and fungi. Many bacteria, including those found in the human intestinal tract such as E. coli, generate Aminobenzoic acid from chorismate by the combined action of the enzymes 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate synthase and 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate lyase. Plants produce Aminobenzoic acid in their chloroplasts, and store it as a glucose ester (pABA-Glc) in their tissues. Humans lack the enzymes to convert Aminobenzoic acid to folate, so require folate from dietary sources such as green leafy vegetables. In humans, Aminobenzoic acid is considered nonessential and, although it has been referred to historically as "vitamin Bx", is no longer recognized as a vitamin, because most people have colon bacteria that generate Aminobenzoic acid. The potassium salt is used as a drug against fibrotic skin disorders, such as Peyronie's disease, under the trade name Potaba.

Procaine is an anesthetic agent indicated for production of local or regional anesthesia, particularly for oral surgery. Procaine (like cocaine) has the advantage of constricting blood vessels which reduces bleeding, unlike other local anesthetics like lidocaine. Procaine is an ester anesthetic. It is metabolized in the plasma by the enzyme pseudocholinesterase through hydrolysis into para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), which is then excreted by the kidneys into the urine. Procaine acts mainly by inhibiting sodium influx through voltage gated sodium channels in the neuronal cell membrane of peripheral nerves. When the influx of sodium is interrupted, an action potential cannot arise and signal conduction is thus inhibited. The receptor site is thought to be located at the cytoplasmic (inner) portion of the sodium channel. Procaine has also been shown to bind or antagonize the function of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors as well as nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and the serotonin receptor-ion channel complex.

Phenoxyacetic acid is found in cocoa and cocoa products. Phenoxyacetic acid is a flavouring ingredient. Phenoxyacetic acid is on the FDA list of approved food additives (PART 172 - FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED FOR DIRECT ADDITION TO FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION; Subpart F--Flavoring Agents and Related Substances Sec. 172.515 Synthetic flavoring substances and adjuvants.). Research has shown that Phenoxyacetic acid induced hematopoietic cell proliferation, providing potential for oral therapeutics which stimulate proliferation of hematopoietic cells of multiple lineages, as well as inducing fetal globin, important for therapy of hemoglobinopathies.

Beta-alanine is an endogenous agonist of glycine receptor, which is used a supplementation among competitive athletes participating in a range of different sports. Beta-alanine has been shown to enhance muscular endurance and its supplementation appears to be most effective for exercise tasks that rely heavily on ATP synthesis from anaerobic glycolysis.

Penimepicycline is a salt of beta-lactam antibiotic penicillin V and tetracycline antibiotic pipacycline. Penimepicycline exerts a bactericidal action on the streptococci, and a bacteriostatic action on various gram-positive and gram-negative bacilli, as well as on the penicillin-resistant staphylococci. In the 1960s it was studied in Japan for the treatment of urological, respiratory, gynecological and other infections.

Epacadostat (INCB024360) is an orally available hydroxyamidine and inhibitor of indoleamine 2,3- dioxygenase (IDO1). It shows little activity against other related enzymes such as IDO2 or tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO). Epacadostat displays potential immune modulating and antineoplastic activities. Epacadostat has been tested in phase II and III studies for the treatment of malignant melanoma, fallopian tube cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, peritoneal cancer, solid tumors, pancreatic cancer. The most common detected adverse events were fatigue, nausea, decreased appetite, vomiting, constipation, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dyspnea, back pain, and cough.

Bergapten, known as 5-methoxypsoralen, a cumarine-derivate compound, presents in many fruits and vegetables. It has shown antitumor effects in a variety of cell types. The key target of bergapten action in breast cancer cells was identified the oncosuppressor gene PTEN (phosphatase tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10); bergapten by inducing PTEN expression, produces autophagy in breast cancer cells. Besides, bergapten is under investigation in clinical trial phase III for patients with severe generalized atopic dermatitis.