N-Vinylpyrrolidinone is a slightly to moderately yellow heterocyclic, reactive vinyl monomer made from the reaction of acetylene and 2-pyrrolidone. The inherent properties of high polarity, low toxicity, water solubility, chemical stability, and pseudo-cationic activity are imparted to its homopolymers and copolymers. N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone may irritate the skin and eyes and contact may result in corneal opacity. Inhalation of vapors may irritate the respiratory tract. The N-Vinylpyrrolidinone monomer is commonly used as a reactive diluent in ultraviolet and electron-beam curable polymers applied as inks, coatings or adhesives. Copolymers of N-Vinylpyrrolidinone are used in the above applications and also for textile finishes and sizes, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and as a vehicle for hair spray.

Because of its unusually heavy bodying properties, aluminum monostearate is used in the manufacture of paints, inks, greases, and waxes In recent years, hydrophobic aluminum monostearate was tested as a low-solubility denitrification substrate for anaerobic bacteria and a source of aluminum for phosphate precipitation. Aluminum monostearate can be used as a component of vehicle for delivery of drugs.

OLEYL OLEATE is an inactive component of BUTRANS®, which is a partial opioid agonist indicated for the management of pain severe enough to require daily, around-the-clock, long-term opioid treatment and for which alternative treatment options are inadequate.

Vanadium (V) is a steel-grey, corrosion-resistant metal. Because of its hardness and its ability to form alloys, vanadium (i.e., ferrovanadium) is a common component of hard steel alloys used in machines and tools. Although most foods contain low concentrations of vanadium (< 1 ng/g), food is the major source of exposure to vanadium for the general population. Vanadium is probably an essential trace element, but a vanadium-deficiency disease has not been identified in humans. At pharmacological doses, vanadium compounds display relevant biological actions such as mimicking insulin and growth factors as well as having osteogenic activity. Some vanadium compounds also show antitumoral properties.

Amantocillin, 6-aminopenicillanic acid derivative, is an old highly active penicillinase-resistant broad-spectrum antibiotic.

Rokitamycin is a macrolide antibiotic against Gram-positive bacteria. Synthesized from strains of Streptomyces kitasatoensis. Rokitamycin is an inhibitor of protein synthesis by specifically binding to the 50 S subunit of the ribosome. Specificity towards prokaryotes relies upon the absence of 50S ribosomes in eukaryotes.

Metampicillin is the approved name for the penicillin resulting from the reaction of ampicillin with formaldehyde. Metampicillin is hydrolysed in aqueous solution with the formation of ampicillin. Metampicillin has broad spectrum of activity coupled with a marked degree of stability to bacterial penicillinase. Furthermore, metampicillin is reported to be absorbed to a greater extent than ampicillin, resulting in superior blood levels in human subjects, and also giving high levels of antibiotic in bile following parenteral administration. Metampicillin showed a spectrum and level of activity similar to that of ampicillin in vitro, and both compounds were inactive against penicillinase-producing strains of bacteria. The activity of metampicillin was markedly reduced by human serum, and the compound was less active than ampicillin in the presence of human serum. Following the oral administration of metampicillin to man, metampicillin was not detected in the blood stream nor in urine, and ampicillin alone was demonstrated in these subjects. The serum concentrations of ampicillin that were produced following the oral administration of metampicillin were somewhat lower than those obtained with equivalent doses of ampicillin. Adminstration of metampicillin by the intramuscular (i.m.) route to volunteers resulted in the appearance of both ampicillin and metampicillin in the blood, and of ampicillin alone in the urine of these subjects. When parenteraly administered, metampicillin appeared to be a particularly suitable penicillin for the treatment of biliary tract infections. Metampicillin is a cell wall biosynthesis inhibitor.