Acriflavine (ACF) is a topical antiseptic. The hydrochloride form is more irritating than the neutral form. It is derived from acridine. Commercial preparations are often mixtures with proflavine. Acriflavine was developed in 1912 by Paul Ehrlich, a German medical researcher, and was used during the First World War against sleeping sickness. ACF has known trypanocidal, antibacterial, and antiviral activities. Effects of ACF on cancer cells were first reported 50 years ago. By present time was demonstrated that ACF a drug, that binds directly to HIF-1 alpha and HIF-2 alpha and inhibits HIF-1 dimerization and transcriptional activity and thus has potent inhibitory effects on tumor growth and vascularization. Also Acriflavine in combination with 3,6-diaminoacridine (proflavine) could prove to be a potential antimalarial drug and its pharmacological action can be due to inhibition of gyrase activity. This is achieved through interaction of the ACF with the DNA substrate. This interaction may lead to conformation change in DNA unsuitable for binding of gyrase with DNA.

Proflavine is an acriflavine derivative used as a topical disinfectant agains gram-positive bacteria. Proflavine is toxic and carcinogenic in mammals and so it is used only as a surface disinfectant or for treating superficial wounds. Proflavine acts by interchelating DNA (intercalation), thereby disrupting DNA synthesis and leading to high levels of mutation in the copied DNA strands. This prevents bacterial reproduction. Proflavine was investigated for photodynamic theraphy of herpes but was discontinued due to several presentations of post-treatment Bowen's disease and higher lesion recrudescence periods. Proflavine is also investigated as a topical contrast agent for imaging and diagnosis of esophageal, oral, colon, cervical, uterine cancer and polyps.

Proflavine is an acriflavine derivative used as a topical disinfectant agains gram-positive bacteria. Proflavine is toxic and carcinogenic in mammals and so it is used only as a surface disinfectant or for treating superficial wounds. Proflavine acts by interchelating DNA (intercalation), thereby disrupting DNA synthesis and leading to high levels of mutation in the copied DNA strands. This prevents bacterial reproduction. Proflavine was investigated for photodynamic theraphy of herpes but was discontinued due to several presentations of post-treatment Bowen's disease and higher lesion recrudescence periods. Proflavine is also investigated as a topical contrast agent for imaging and diagnosis of esophageal, oral, colon, cervical, uterine cancer and polyps.

Proflavine is an acriflavine derivative used as a topical disinfectant agains gram-positive bacteria. Proflavine is toxic and carcinogenic in mammals and so it is used only as a surface disinfectant or for treating superficial wounds. Proflavine acts by interchelating DNA (intercalation), thereby disrupting DNA synthesis and leading to high levels of mutation in the copied DNA strands. This prevents bacterial reproduction. Proflavine was investigated for photodynamic theraphy of herpes but was discontinued due to several presentations of post-treatment Bowen's disease and higher lesion recrudescence periods. Proflavine is also investigated as a topical contrast agent for imaging and diagnosis of esophageal, oral, colon, cervical, uterine cancer and polyps.

Tosylchloramide or N-chloro tosylamide, sodium salt, sold as chloramine-T, is an investigational animal drug used in the aquaculture industry and also is a very effective odor control compound. It has other applications that include: algaecide, bactericide, germicide, parasite control, and for drinking water disinfection. It is also highly effective against bacteria, viruses, and spores. In the aquaculture and aquafarming industries, Chloramine -T (Tosylchloramide Sodium Salt) is used to treat external bacterial infections in salmonid fish such as koi, salmon, trout, and whitefish. In the personal care industry, it is used in hydrotherapy treatments to revitalize, maintain, and restore health. Hydrotherapeutic applications include whirlpools, saunas, steam baths, foot baths, and sitz baths. Chloramine-T is also used for disinfection in saunas, solariums, gyms, sport centres, kitchens, sanitary facilities, and air conditioning units. As an anti-microbial agent,Chloramine-T (Tosylchloramide Sodium Salt) it has had widespread use in a broad range of practices, including medical, dental, verterinary food processing and agricultural. It also has been used in direct contact with tissues because it has a low degree of cytotoxicity. Within the United States of America, the use of Chloramine-T is more restricted. Disifin (Tosylchloramide) destroys DNA and thereby prevents microbes from. DISIFIN® Tablets are effective against a whole series of microorganisms, including grampositive and gram-negative bacteria, enveloped and non-en reproducing.

Tosylchloramide or N-chloro tosylamide, sodium salt, sold as chloramine-T, is an investigational animal drug used in the aquaculture industry and also is a very effective odor control compound. It has other applications that include: algaecide, bactericide, germicide, parasite control, and for drinking water disinfection. It is also highly effective against bacteria, viruses, and spores. In the aquaculture and aquafarming industries, Chloramine -T (Tosylchloramide Sodium Salt) is used to treat external bacterial infections in salmonid fish such as koi, salmon, trout, and whitefish. In the personal care industry, it is used in hydrotherapy treatments to revitalize, maintain, and restore health. Hydrotherapeutic applications include whirlpools, saunas, steam baths, foot baths, and sitz baths. Chloramine-T is also used for disinfection in saunas, solariums, gyms, sport centres, kitchens, sanitary facilities, and air conditioning units. As an anti-microbial agent,Chloramine-T (Tosylchloramide Sodium Salt) it has had widespread use in a broad range of practices, including medical, dental, verterinary food processing and agricultural. It also has been used in direct contact with tissues because it has a low degree of cytotoxicity. Within the United States of America, the use of Chloramine-T is more restricted. Disifin (Tosylchloramide) destroys DNA and thereby prevents microbes from. DISIFIN® Tablets are effective against a whole series of microorganisms, including grampositive and gram-negative bacteria, enveloped and non-en reproducing.

Octenidine dihydrochloride is a cationic surfactant, with antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Octenidine approved as a medicinal substance in several European countries and used for skin antisepsis in combination with aliphatic alcohols, e.g. propan-1-ol and propan-2-ol, or with detergents such as antiseptic soap. Octenidine is also used for antisepsis on wounds and mucosa either as a single substance, as an approved combination of Octenidine and phenoxyethanol. Octenidine is virtually not absorbed via the skin or mucous membranes. Because Octenidine is only approved and used topically and is virtually not absorbed, no systemic effects are to be expected. Therefore, no further pharmacokinetic studies or studies on behalf of metabolism have been conducted. Octenidine is easy and safe to handle, chemically stable, not inflammable, without resistance development and low toxicity to man and the environment alike. Its popularity among therapists and wound care specialists is based on good clinical results, easy and pain-free application and local tolerance. Beside readily available combinations with phenoxyethanol, mouth rinses, and vaginal applications, semi-fluid preparations and dressings are described.

Sulfaquinoxaline is a veterinary drug, which can be given to animals to treat coccidiosis and Acute Fowl cholera. It has often used in combinations with others drugs. It had its origins in the chemical synthetic program that sprang from the introduction of sulfonamide drugs into human medicine in the 1930s. The program was sustained through the years of World War II despite declining clinical use of that chemical class. Several sulfa drugs were known to be active against the sporozoan parasite (Plasmodium spp.) that causes malaria, but were not satisfactory in clinical practice. A sulfonamide that had a long plasma half-life would ipso facto be considered promising as an antimalarial drug. Sulfaquinoxaline, synthesized during the war, was such a compound. It proved too toxic to be used in human malaria, but was found to be a superior agent against another sporozoan parasite, Eimeria spp., the causative agent of coccidiosis in domestic chickens. In 1948 sulfaquinoxaline was introduced commercially as a poultry coccidiostat. The action mechanism of sulfaquinoxaline is to inhibit the dihydrofolate synthetase to encumber the nucleate synthesis of bacterium and coccidian its active peak to coccidian is at the second schizont stage (the fourth day of coccidial life cycle), so it will not affect the anti-coccidial immunity in chicken.

Troclosene is chlorinated hydroxytriazine and it is used as a source of free available chlorine, in the form of hypochlorous acid, for the disinfection of water. It kills bacteria, bacterial spores, cysts, algae, fungi, protozoa and virus and are especially lethal to Entamoeba histolytica. Troclosene kills mastitis-causing organisms. It is now widely available for household water treatment. It does not prevent diarrhea but improved water quality.

Fusidic acid is a anti-bacterial agent, initially isolated from Fusidium coccineum by Godtfredsen et al (Leo Pharma) in 1960. It is discussed that fusidic acid exerts its anti-microbial effect by inhibiting bacterial elongation factor G, thus suppressing the protein synthesis. Fusidic acid is widely used in Europe under the names Fucidin H(fusidic acid / hydrocortisone acetate), Fucidin (fusidic acid / sodium fusidate) and Fucicort (fusidic acid / betamethasone valerate) for the treatment of primary/secondary skin infections and inflammatory dermatoses.