Protionamide is a thioamide derivative with antitubercular activity, usually involving to treat MDR TB and leprosy. It has the same active substances and cross-resistance with ethionamide. Prothionamide is part of a group of drugs thioamides. The side effects of prothionamide are similar to ethionamide. Prothionamide is most commonly associated with nausea and vomiting. It may cause depression and hallucinations. Rarely, prothionamide will cause jaundice, menstrual disturbances and peripheral neuropathy. Prothionamide has received approval in Germany for the treatment of TB and drug resistant TB. While prothionamide is widely used to treat MDR TB, there is little published evidence demonstrating safety and efficacy. Protionamide forms a covalent adduct with bacterial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), PTH-NAD, which competitively inhibits 2-trans-enoyl-ACP reductase (inhA), an enzyme essential for mycolic acid synthesis. This results in increased cell wall permeability and decreased resistance against cell injury eventually leading to cell lysis. Mycolic acids, long-chain fatty acids, are essential mycobacterial cell wall components and play a key role in resistance to cell injury and mycobacterial virulence.

Artemotil (also known as beta-arteether) is an antimalarial artemisinin derivative, approved for the treatment of severe cases of P. falciparum malaria. The mixture of artemotil and alpha-arteether is used in patients with cerebral malaria. Most of the artemisinin compounds including artemotil are metabolized into dihydroartemisinin, which is responsible for antimalarial activity. These compounds contain stable endoperoxide bridge. The antimalarial activity of the drug thus is dependent on the cleavage of the endoperoxide by intraparasitic heme. The cleaved endoperoxide ultimately becomes a carbon centered free radical, which then functions as an alkylating agent, reacting with both heme and parasitic proteins (but not DNA). In P. falciparum, one of the principal alkylation target is the translationally controlled tumor protein (DHA-TCTP) homolog. Some intraparasitic TCTP is situated in the membrane surrounding the heme-rich food vacuole, where heme could catalyse the formation of drug-protein (DHA-TCTP) adduct and inhibit the parasite's growth.

Acivicin is a modified amino acid and structural analog of glutamine, that irreversibly inhibits glutamine-dependent amidotransferases involved in nucleotide and amino acid biosynthesis. Acivicin is a potent antitumor agent that induces apoptosis in human lymphoblastoid cells. Phase I dose-escalating studies conducted in cancer patients administered acivicin showed reversible, dose-limiting CNS toxicity, characterized by lethargy, confusion and decreased mental status.

Suramin is an antiprotozoal and anthelmintic compound. It is indicated for the treatment of African trypanosomiasis (African sleeping sickness; trypanosome fever) and Onchocerciasis (river blindness). Additionally, suramin exhibits antineoplastic action. It was discovered that suramin produced dramatic, but transient, improvement of core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder.

Niridazole is used (but not officially recommended) for the treatment of schistosomiasis, dracunculiasis and tungiasis. The mode of action of niridazole is not fully understood. The major action of niridazole seems to be on the glycogen metabolism of the helminths. The drug also case structural damage to the reproductive system of female schistosomes. Another possible mechanism of action of niridazole involves the inhibition of DNA synthesis in schistosomes. It is metabolized in the liver. The most serious side effects were those connected with the nervous area (convulsion, hallucination, etc.).

Gentamicin is an antibiotic of the aminoglycoside group, is derived by the growth of Micromonospora purpurea, an actinomycete. Gentamicin is a complex of three different closely related aminoglycoside sulfates, Gentamicins C1, C2, and C1a. Gentamicin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, but may cause ear and kidney damage. Gentamicin binds to the prokaryotic ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis in susceptible bacteria. It is bactericidal in vitro against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Adverse reactions include adverse renal effects, neurotoxicity (dizziness, vertigo, tinnitus, roaring in the ears, hearing loss, peripheral neuropathy or encephalopathy), respiratory depression, lethargy, confusion, depression, visual disturbances, etc.

Bacitracin is a polypeptide antibiotic produced by Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis. Bacitracin in combination with neomycin and polymyxin B is indicated for the treatment of many bacterial diseases. The antibacterial properties of bacitracin are mediated by its binding to C55-isoprenyl pyrophosphate, resulting in inhibition of cell wall biosynthesis.