Clofibrate is a fibric acid derivative used to lower cholesterol and triglyceride (fat-like substances) levels in the blood. This may help prevent medical problems caused by such substances clogging the blood vessels. However, this treatment was discontinued in 2002 due to adverse effects. Clofibrate is an agonist of the PPAR-α receptor in muscle, liver, and other tissues. This agonism ultimately leads to modification in gene expression resulting in increased beta-oxidation, decreased triglyceride secretion, increased HDL, and increased lipoprotein lipase activity. Clofibrate increased the activity of extrahepatic lipoprotein lipase (LL), thereby increasing lipoprotein triglyceride lipolysis, inhibited the synthesis, and increases the clearance of apolipoprotein B, a carrier molecule for VLDL. In addition, clofibrate was investigated as a novel therapy agent in multiple myeloma and it shown the promising results.

Iopydone is a pyridine derivative patented by Schering-Kahlbaum A.-G. As radiographic contrast medium for bronchography. Hytrast, an aqueous suspension containing Iopydol and Iopydone has widely used in some countries. Extensive clinical trials had suggested that Hytrast was superior to products usually employed for this purpose. Hytrast provides excellent quality bronchograms with a fine dense coating of the bronchial walls and no ‘alveolar filling’.

Iopanoic acid and ipodate salts have been used for oral cholangiography to visualize the biliary ducts. Ipodate salts have been used for the long-term treatment of Graves' disease and in hyperthyroidism. Ipodate reduced levels of T3 and T4 in the patients. Ipodate also inhibits the conversion of T4 to T3. It is not considered a first-line approach. Ipodate sodium lacks FDA approval for these uses. During investigation of mechanism of action was discovered, that binding of sodium ipodate with nuclear T3 receptors was not a prominent mechanism via which the drug attenuates T3 effects in vivo. Sodium ipodate could enhance T3 effects at the cellular level and that enhancement could not be reflected by routinely monitored serum TSH.

Iopydol is an X-ray contrast medium used in conjunction with iopydone as the proprietary preparation, Hytrast, for the bronchography.

Denatonium, usually available as denatonium benzoate (trade names Bitrex) is the most bitter chemical compound known, with bitterness thresholds of 0.05 ppm for the benzoate and 0.01 ppm for the saccharide. Scientists at Macfarlan Smith, Ltd. of Edinburgh, Scotland discovered Bitrex during research on derivatives of the anesthetic lidocaine. The extremely bitter taste proved effective in reducing ingestion by humans and animals. Denatonium is commonly included in placebo medications used in clinical trials to match the bitter taste of certain medications. Denatonium activates bitter taste receptor, mainly, TAS2R4, TAS2R8, TAS2R10, TAS2R13 on many cell types and plays important roles in chemical release, ciliary beating and smooth muscle relaxation through intracellular Ca(2+)-dependent pathways.

Pelargonic acid (also called as nonanoic acid), a naturally found in a variety of plants and food products is a cosmetic ingredient, that function as skin-conditioning agent. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved pelargonic acid as a food additive, and as an ingredient in solutions used commercially to peel fruits and vegetables. FDA considers it safe for humans to eat food containing small amounts of pelargonic acid.

Domiphen bromide it is used for the treatment of Acute Infectious Dental Diseases. Domiphen bromide is a quaternary antiseptic with actions and uses similar to those of cationic surfactants. Domiphen bromide has potent activity on blockade of human ether-a-go-go related gene (HERG) channels.

BUNAMIODYL is an cholecystographic agent which was used to aid the radiographic visualization of the gallbladder for detecting the presence of gallstones in cholelithiasis patients. It was withdrawn from the market due to nephropathy.

Triacetin, also known as Glyceryl Triacetate, is a cosmetic biocide, plasticizer, and solvent in cosmetic formulations, at concentrations ranging from 0.8% to 4.0%. It is a commonly used carrier for flavors and fragrances. Triacetin was affirmed as a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) human food ingredient by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). It is used as an inactive ingredient additive in some drug formulations. It has been used as a plasticizer in the tests of acrylic polymer films for drug delivery. Triacetin is not toxic to animals. However, in one study, it caused erythema, slight edema, alopecia, and desquamation, and did cause some irritation in rabbit eyes. Concentration of triacetin in consumer products is in the range of about 0.005-2 % for cosmetics, and has been reported to be as high as 15-33 % for one specific antifungal drug.

Diprotrizoic acid is dipropionamino compound. It is a diagnostic aid. Diprotrizoic acid was introduced for urography but it produced more side effects than diatrizoic acid.