U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

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Showing 11 - 20 of 13240 results


Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)



Pirtobrutinib is a small molecule, noncovalent inhibitor of BTK. BTK is a signaling protein of the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) and cytokine receptor pathways. In B-cells, BTK signaling results in activation of pathways necessary for B-cell proliferation, trafficking, chemotaxis, and adhesion. Pirtobrutinib binds to wild type BTK and BTK harboring C481 mutations, leading to inhibition of BTK kinase activity. In nonclinical studies, pirtobrutinib inhibited BTK-mediated B-cell CD69 expression and inhibited malignant B-cell proliferation. Pirtobrutinib showed dose-dependent anti-tumor activities in BTK wild type and BTK C481S mutant mouse xenograft models. On January 27, 2023, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted accelerated approval to pirtobrutinib (Jaypirca, Eli Lilly and Company) for relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) after at least two lines of systemic therapy, including a BTK inhibitor.
Quizartinib (AC220) is an orally bioavailable, small molecule receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is being developed by Daiichi Sankyo Company (previously Ambit Biosciences) and Astellas Pharma as a treatment for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and advanced solid tumours. The highest affinity target identified for Quizartinib was FLT3. The only other kinases with binding constants within 10-fold that for FLT3 were the closely related receptor tyrosine kinases KIT, PDGFRA, PDGFRB, RET, and CSF1R. Kinase inhibition of (mutant) KIT, PDGFR and FLT3 isoforms by quizartinib leads to potent inhibition of cellular proliferation and induction of apoptosis in in vitro leukemia models as well as in native leukemia blasts treated ex vivo.
APD-334 (Etrasimod) was discovered as part of our internal effort to identify potent, centrally available, functional antagonists of the S1P1 receptor for use as next generation therapeutics for treating multiple sclerosis (MS) and other autoimmune diseases. APD334 is a potent functional antagonist of S1P1 and has a favorable PK/PD profile, producing robust lymphocyte lowering at relatively low plasma concentrations in several preclinical species. This new agent was efficacious in a mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS and a rat collagen induced arthritis (CIA) model and was found to have appreciable central exposure. APD-334 has therapeutic potential in immune and inflammatory-mediated diseases such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, and atopic dermatitis.
Elacestrant (ER-306323 or RAD 1901 [6R)-6-(2-(N-(4-(2-(ethylamino)ethyl)benzyl)-N-ethylamino)-4-methoxyphenyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol dihydrochloride]) is an estrogen receptor antagonist that binds to estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα). In ERpositive (ER ) HER2-negative (HER2-) breast cancer cells, elacestrant inhibited 17β-estradiol mediated cell proliferation at concentrations inducing degradation of ERα protein mediated through proteasomal pathway. Elacestrant demonstrated in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity including in ER HER2- breast cancer models resistant to fulvestrant and cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors and those harboring estrogen receptor 1 gene (ESR1) mutations. On January 27, 2023, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved elacestrant (Orserdu, Stemline Therapeutics, Inc.) for postmenopausal women or adult men with ER-positive, HER2-negative, ESR1-mutated advanced or metastatic breast cancer with disease progression following at least one line of endocrine therapy.
Sotagliflozin (LX4211) is an orally-delivered small molecule compound that is currently in development for the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sotagliflozin (LX4211) inhibits both sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2, or SGLT2, a transporter responsible for most of the glucose reabsorption performed by the kidney, and sodium-glucose cotransporter type 1, or SGLT1, a transporter responsible for glucose and galactose absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, and to a lesser extent than SGLT2, glucose reabsorption in the kidney. Combining SGLT1 and SGLT2 inhibition in a single molecule would provide complementary insulin-independent mechanisms to treat diabetes.

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)


Conditions:

Daridorexant (Quviviq™; Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd.) is an orally administered dual orexin type 1 and type 2 (OX1 and OX2) receptor antagonist (DORA) being developed for the treatment of insomnia. It was selected from a pool of drug candidates on the basis of an expected effect duration of ≈ 8 h at a dose of 25 mg, with a half-life intended to minimize residual effects that might impair daytime functioning. Based on the results of two pivotal phase III trials, daridorexant was recently approved in the USA for the treatment of adult patients with insomnia characterized by difficulties with sleep onset and/or sleep maintenance. The mechanism of action of daridorexant in the treatment of insomnia is presumed to be through antagonism of orexin receptors. The orexin neuropeptide signaling system plays a role in wakefulness. Blocking the binding of wake-promoting neuropeptides orexin A and orexin B to receptors OX1R and OX2R is thought to suppress wake drive.
Mitapivat (AG-348; PKM2 activator 1020) is a novel, first-in-class oral small molecule allosteric activator of the pyruvate kinase enzyme. Mitapivat has been shown to significantly upregulate both wild-type and numerous mutant forms of erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PKR), increasing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and reducing levels of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. Given this mechanism, mitapivat has been evaluated in clinical trials in a wide range of hereditary hemolytic anemias, including pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD), sickle cell disease, and the thalassemias. Mitapivat was approved for the treatment of hemolytic anemia in adults with pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency in the United States in February 2022, and in the European Union in November 2022.
Status:

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)



Bexagliflozin, sold under the brand name Brenzavvy, is a potent and selective SGLT2 inhibitor. By inhibiting SGLT2, bexagliflozin reduces renal reabsorption of filtered glucose and lowers the renal threshold for glucose, and thereby increases urinary glucose excretion. Brenzavvy is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes. The FDA approval on January 23, 2023 is based on results from a clinical program that evaluated the safety and efficacy of Brenzavvy in 23 clinical trials enrolling more than 5,000 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)



Oteseconazole (VIVJOA™) is an orally administered azole antifungal agent developed by Mycovia Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of fungal infections. It inhibits cytochrome P450 (CYP) 51, thereby affecting the formation and integrity of the fungal cell membrane, but has a low affinity for human CYP enzymes due to its tetrazole metal-binding group. Oteseconazole is the first agent to be approved (in April 2022) for recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) in the USA, where it is indicated to reduce the incidence of RVVC in females with a history of RVVC who are NOT of reproductive potential. Clinical development for the treatment of onychomycosis, and invasive and opportunistic infections is ongoing.

Showing 11 - 20 of 13240 results