Sulfaquinoxaline is a veterinary drug, which can be given to animals to treat coccidiosis and Acute Fowl cholera. It has often used in combinations with others drugs. It had its origins in the chemical synthetic program that sprang from the introduction of sulfonamide drugs into human medicine in the 1930s. The program was sustained through the years of World War II despite declining clinical use of that chemical class. Several sulfa drugs were known to be active against the sporozoan parasite (Plasmodium spp.) that causes malaria, but were not satisfactory in clinical practice. A sulfonamide that had a long plasma half-life would ipso facto be considered promising as an antimalarial drug. Sulfaquinoxaline, synthesized during the war, was such a compound. It proved too toxic to be used in human malaria, but was found to be a superior agent against another sporozoan parasite, Eimeria spp., the causative agent of coccidiosis in domestic chickens. In 1948 sulfaquinoxaline was introduced commercially as a poultry coccidiostat. The action mechanism of sulfaquinoxaline is to inhibit the dihydrofolate synthetase to encumber the nucleate synthesis of bacterium and coccidian its active peak to coccidian is at the second schizont stage (the fourth day of coccidial life cycle), so it will not affect the anti-coccidial immunity in chicken.

Tylvalosin tartrate is a third-generation macrolide antibiotic that has antibacterial activity against Gram-positive, some Gram-negative organisms and mycoplasma. Tylvalosin interferes with protein synthesis by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosome subunit. Tylvalosin binds to the donor site and prevents the translocation necessary for keeping the peptide chain growing. Its effect is essentially confined to rapidly dividing organisms. Tylvalosin tartrate is the active ingredient of Aivlosin -- a modern macrolide that has shown its effectiveness in the control of porcine proliferative enteropathy, EP and swine dysentery.

Hygromycin B is a water-soluble antibiotic purified from the bacterium Streptomyces hydroscopicus.It kills bacteria, fungi and higher eukaryotic cells by inhibiting protein synthesis. It has been reported to interfere with translocation and to cause mistranslation at the 70S ribosome.Hygromycin B is used as a selective agent in molecular genetics experiments on a wide variety of eukaryotic and prokaryotic species. Under the trade name Hygromix, Hygromycin B is used in chickens as an aid in the control of infections of the following intestinal parasites: large roundworms (Ascaris galli), cecal worms (Heterakis gallinae) and capillary worms (Capillaria obsignata) and in Swine as an aid in the control of infections of the following intestinal parasites: large roundworms (Ascaris suis), nodular worms (Oesophagostomum dentatum) and whipworms (Trichuris suis).

Melengestrol is a steroidal progestin and antineoplastic agent which was never marketed. An acylated derivative, melengestrol acetate, is used as a growth promoter in animals. Melengestrol acetate (MGA) is one of six steroidal hormone growth promoters approved for use in Canada and USA. These products are used to improve growth rate and feed efficiency, as well as to suppress estrus in beef heifers (CFIA 2008). They are not approved for use in any species other than beef cattle meant for slaughter. MGA is the only drug of its kind that is administered in animal feed, and its labelled dose in Canada is 0.4mg per heifer per day (CFIA 2008). A mandatory withdrawal of 2 days before slaughter is applied to any animal that is administered MGA.

Monensin is an antibiotic produced as a byproduct of fermentation by Streptomyces cinnamonensis and belongs to a family of drugs known as polyether antibiotics or ionophores. The drug was approved by FDA for the prevention of coccidiosis in turkeys, chickens, quail, cattle, goats, calves (Coban, Rumensin). The exact mechanism of monesin action is unknown, however there are several hypotesis, which includes the inhibition of K+ transport, the inhibition of the transport of carbohydrates across the host cell membrane, the interruption host cell invasion by sporozoites, etc.

Tilmicosin is a macrolide antibiotic was prepared by chemical modifications of desmycosin, and is used in veterinary. It is recommended for treatment and prevention of pneumonia in cattle, sheep and pigs, associated with Pasteurella haemolytica, P. multocida, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, mycoplasma species and other microorganisms found sensitive to this compound. Tilmicosin belongs to 16-membered ring group of class macrolides. The antimicrobial mechanism seems to be the same for all of the macrolides. They interfere with protein synthesis by reversibly binding to the 50S subunit of the ribosome. They appear to bind at the donor site, thus preventing the translocation necessary to keep the peptide chain growing. The effect is essentially confined to rapidly dividing bacteria and mycoplasmas. Macrolides are regarded as being bacteriostatic but demonstrate bactericidal activity at high concentrations.

Narasin is a polyether carboxylic ionophore agent that is authorised in Europe according to Commission Regulation No (EC) 1464/2004 as a coccidiostat for use in chickens for fattening with a maximum content of the active substance in feed of 70 mg/kg and a withdrawal period of one day. Narasin is the active ingredient in Monteban, a premix that is incorporated into chicken feed. Narasin is already approved for continuous oral use as Monteban (NADA 118-980) in chicken feed for the prevention of coccidiosis at doses up to 80 mg narasin/kg feed. Narasin is produced by the fermentation of a strain of Streptomyces aureofaciens.The biological activity of narasin is based on its ability to form lipid soluble and dynamically reversible complexes with cations, preferably monovalent cations such as alkaline K+, Na+ and Rb+: Narasin functions as a carrier of these ions, mediating an electrically neutral exchangediffusion type of ion transport across the membranes. The resultant changes in transmembrane ion gradients and electrical potentials produce critical effects on cellular function and metabolism of coccidia. Narasin is effective against sporozoites and early and late asexual stages of coccidia in broilers caused by Eimeria acervulina, E. brunetti, E. maxima, E. mivati, E. necatrix and E. tenella. Narasin also is used for prevention of necrotic enteritis in broiler chicken. Narasin was identified and characterized as a novel agent that inhibits DENV replication in vitro through non-cytotoxic mechanisms, thus indicating its potential to be further developed as a therapeutic anti-DENV agent.

Tiamulin is a diterpene antimicrobial with a pleuromutilin chemical structure similar to that of valnemulin. The activity of tiamulin is largely confined to gram-positive micro-organisms and mycoplasma. Tiamulin acts by inhibiting protein synthesis at the ribosomal level. In veterinary medicine, tiamulin is used for treatment and prophylaxis of dysentery, pneumonia and mycoplasmal infections in pigs and poultry. Tiamulin is available as a 2, 10 or 20% premix for pigs and poultry, a 12.5% solution or 45% water soluble powder for addition to drinking water for pigs and poultry, or a 10% injectable formulation for pigs. Tiamulin inhibits protein synthesis by targeting the 50S bacterial ribosomal subunit and binding to peptidyl transferase, the enzyme responsible for forming peptide bonds between amino acids.

Lasalocid is a polyether ionophore with potent antibacterial activity. Lasalocid was developed as an animal health product for treatment of coccidia. Lasalocid is able to form neutral complexes with monovalent and divalent cations and transport the ions through apolar phase (including lipid bilayer membranes). Interestingly, lasalocid can also transport larger organic cations, e.g. protonated dopamine. Lasalocid is used for the prevention of coccidiosis caused by Eimeria tenella, E. necatrix, E. acervulina, E. brunetti, E. mivati, and E. maxima, and for increased rate of weight gain and improved feed efficiency in broiler chickens. Also used for control of coccidiosis caused by Eimeria bovis and E. zuernii in cattle up to 800 lbs. and for prevention of coccidiosis caused by Eimeria ovina, E. crandallis, E. ovinoidalis (E. ninakohlyakimovae), E. parva and E. intricata in sheep maintained in confinement. Lasalocid has being shown to induce cytotoxic apoptosis and cytoprotective autophagy through reactive oxygen species in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Lasalocid should be useful in the search for new potential chemotherapeutic agents for understanding the molecular mechanisms of anticancer in prostate cancer cells.

Laidlomycin is a polycyclic polyether antibiotic which possesses an inhibitory activity against various mycoplasma species}, and is effective in controlling coccidiosis in chickens. It is also known as selectively inhibiting the migration of hemagglutinin glycoprotein from Golgi apparatus to the cell surface in measles virus). Laidlomycin inhibited growth of some Gram-positive bacteria only at high concentrations such as 50-100 ug/ml, but was not active against Gram-negative bacteria, yeast and fungi even at concentration of 1,000 ug/ml. In broth dilution, laidlomycin was active against several illycoplasmas and most active against the sterol-nonrequiring mycoplasma, Acholeplasma laidlawii. Under the brand name Cattlyst Laidlomycin is indicated for improved feed efficiency and increased rate of weight gain in cattle fed in confinement for slaughter.