Cloperastine (INN) or cloperastin is an antitussive and antihistamine that is marketed as a cough suppressant in Japan, Hong Kong, and in some European countries. It was first introduced in 1972 in Japan, and then in Italy in 1981. The precise mechanism of action of cloperastine is not fully clear, but several different biological activities have been identified for the drug, of which include: ligand of the gamma1 receptor (Ki = 20 nM) (likely an agonist), GIRK channel blocker (described as "potent"), antihistamine (Ki = 3.8 nM for the H1 receptor), and anticholinergic. Cloperastine possesses dual activity. It also acts as a mild bronchorelaxant and has antihistaminic activity, without acting on the central nervous system or the respiratory center.

Gold chloride (AUCl3), dihydrate, also called gold trichloride or auric chlorise, is a compound comprised of gold and chloride. It exists as a chloride-bridged dimer, both as a solid and as a vapor. AUCl3 is very hygroscopic and highly soluble in water and ethanol. It is used in organic chemistry as a mild acid catalyst and as a alternative to mercury salts. It is known to cause allergic reactions in subjects with known gold allergy.

Creatinine is a product of metabolism of creatine phosphate, a molecule that serves as a rapidly mobilizable reserve of a brain and skeletal muscle. Creatinine is excreted by kidneys with little or no reabsorption. Serum creatinine is the most commonly used indicator of renal function.

Nearly 60 years ago, chromium, as the trivalent ion, was proposed to be an essential element, but the results of new studies indicate that chromium currently can only be considered pharmacologically active and not an essential element. Chromium is a mineral that humans need in very small quantities. Good sources include broccoli, liver, and brewers' yeast. Taking chromium by mouth is effective for preventing chromium deficiency. It is also taken by mouth for depression, Turner's syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), lowering "bad" cholesterol, raising "good" cholesterol in people taking heart medications called beta blockers, obesity, metabolic syndrome, heart attack, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, binge eating disorder, and a disease called reactive hypoglycemia. Chromium has been marketed as an agent to reduce body mass and develop muscle; however, such marketing claims are no longer allowed in the United States because they are not supported by experiments. Trivalent chromium has also been proposed as a therapeutic agent to increase insulin sensitivity and affect lipid metabolism. Although effective in certain rodent models, beneficial effects in humans have not been unequivocally established.

Methylchloroisothiazolinone is an active ingredient in many preservatives marketed under various brand names. It is effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, yeast, and fungi. Pure Methylchloroisothiazolinone is not commercially available. Kathon CG contains a mixture of Methylisothiazolinone (MI) and Methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI) in ratio 3:1. Kathon was used in various rinse-off and leave-on formulations including hair products, shampoos, skin care products, bath products, eye and facial makeup, wet wipes and suntan products. The Commission envisages amending Annex V of the Cosmetics Regulation (EC) No. 1223/2009 to restrict the use of methylchloroisothiazolinone to rinse-off products, as suggested by the SCCS.

Parabens are widely used preservatives in basic necessities such as cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. It was found, that butylparaben has estrogenic and antiandrogenic properties and is known to reduce sperm counts in rats following perinatal exposure. In addition was observed, that butylparaben exerted endocrine disrupting effects on both male and female offspring. In 2009-2010, 80 pregnant women from Ottawa Canada participated in the Plastics and Personal-Care Product Use in Pregnancy (P4) Study. Women kept a diary of products that they used 24 h prior to and during the collection. All parabens measured in maternal urine had moderate to high reproducibility. Women who used lotions in the past 24 h had significantly higher geometric mean paraben concentrations (80-110%) in their urine than women who reported no use in the past 24 h. Women who used shampoo, conditioner, and cosmetics also showed 70-80% higher butylparaben concentrations in their urine.

Hydroxycitronellal is a perfume ingredient with a medium strength floral scent, reminiscent of lily and sweet tropical melon. It is produced synthetically from naturally occurring scent chemical citronellal. It is on the CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21 list of synthetic flavoring substances and adjuvants. Hydroxycitronellal is banned in the European Union because of its toxic properties. Hydroxycitronellal is an allergen. Hydroxycitronellal has being shown to consistently modulate CCR5, CCL27, CCL2 and CCR7 in immature dendritic cells. Hydroxycitronellal is a TRPM8 agonist.

Monoethanolamine is both a primary amine and a primary alcohol. It is an olamine derivative. Monoethanolamine occurs in every cell in the human body as the head group of Phosphatidylethanolamine. Monoethanolamine is a component of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins, which are essential for viability. Other sources of monoethanolamine or phosphoethanolamine in the human body are the degradation of sphingosine phosphate by sphingosine phosphate lyase and the degradation of the endocannabinoid anandamide by the fatty acid amine hydrolase. Monoethanolamine stimulates the rapid growth of mammalian cells in culture. Monoethanolamine has a cardioprotective role against ischemia/reperfusion injury via activation of the transcription factor STAT-3. Monoethanolamine is a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of cosmetics, surface-active agents, emulsifiers, pharmaceuticals, and plasticizing agents.

Ethylparaben is produced naturally and found in several fruits and insects, where it acts as an antimicrobial agent. Ethylparaben is mainly used as antiseptics in cosmetics, food and medicine (E number E214). It is also can be used as feed preservatives and antiseptic for bacteria. Ethylparaben is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract or through the skin. It is hydrolyzed to p-hydroxybenzoic acid and rapidly excreted in urine without accumulating in the body. Under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act), cosmetic products and ingredients, other than color additives, do not need FDA approval before they go on the market. Broad concentration ranges reported in each product category in 1981 were < 0.1% and > 0.1% to 1%. Studies show the in vivo estrogenicity of MP and EP at human exposure levels, and indicate that populations exposed to large amounts of MP and EP may have a high burden of estrogenicity-related diseases.

Mizolastine (Mizollen) is a long-acting H1 -antihistamine indicated for the symptomatic relief of seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (hay fever), perennial allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and urticaria. It blocks H1 receptors and is commonly fast-acting. It does not prevent the actual release of histamine from mast cells, just prevents it binding to receptors. Side effects can include dry mouth and throat