Pentane, an organic compound, an indicator of lipid peroxidation. Its normal concentration in the breath of healthy humans is lower than 10 pmoles/l. Breath pentane, which is produced by reactive oxygen species-mediated lipid peroxidation of n-6 polyunsaturated membrane fatty acids, is a marker of oxidative stress. Experiments on animals have shown that the breath pentane analysis could provide early, rapid, noninvasive and continuous assessment of lipid peroxidation during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Butylene glycol, or 1, 3-Butanediol, is an organic compoud found in peppers (Capsicum annuum). It is used as a solvent for flavoring agents, as a viscosity-descreasing agent in cosmetics and skin care products and as a hypoglycaemic agent for diabetics.

Benzophenone is the organic compound. It is a flavouring agent evaluated as safe at current levels of intake by joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) and approved by FDA as a food additive and as UV protector. Substituted benzophenones such as oxybenzone (benzophenone-3) and dioxybenzone are used in sunscreens in cosmetics and as a sunscreen ingredients in some topical drugs in combination with skin lighteners for gradual fading of dark (brownish) areas in the skin such as freckles, age and liver spots or treatment of melanosis. Benzophenone derivatives can be used as a photo initiators. Benzophenone used in practical synthesis of some drugs.

Boron gluconate is a boron-containing dietary supplement. Calcium salt of boron gluconate is used as a calcium supplement in veterinary to treat hypocalcemia (also called parturient paresis and commonly called milk fever) in cattle, sheep, and goat.

The phosphonic acid functional group, which is characterized by a phosphorus atom bonded to three oxygen atoms (two hydroxy groups and one P=O double bond) and one carbon atom, is employed for many applications due to its structural analogy with the phosphate moiety or to its coordination or supramolecular properties. Phosphonic acids were used for their bioactive properties (drug, pro-drug), for bone targeting, for the design of supramolecular or hybrid materials, for the functionalization of surfaces, for analytical purposes, for medical imaging or as phosphoantigen. Potassium salt of phosphonic acid can be a declared or undeclared component of (foliar) fertilizers or plant strengtheners that were authorized in organic farming.

Clopidol is an anticoccidial drug used in chickens and turkeys in oredr to prevent coccidiosis and leucocytozoonosis. The drug is approved by FDA and is marketed under the names Coyden 25 and Lerbek 25 (in combination with methylbenzoquate).

2,5-Dimethyl-N-Phenyl-3H-diazaphophol-4-imine is a quinonoid tautomer of GABAA and GABAB agonist progabide. According to quantum mechanical calculations, a quinonoid form is predominant in polar solvents, while aromatic tautomer is prevalent in apolar solvents. Progabide is a prodrug of gamma-aminobutyric acid and was investigated for the treatment of epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, clinical depression, anxiety disorder, and other diseases. Progabide was marketed in France by Sanofi Aventis under tradename Gabrene for use in monotherapy and also as adjunctive therapy for generalized tonic-clonic, myoclonic, partial seizures, and for Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome, in both children and adults.