Urocanic acid is a breakdown (deamination) product of histidine. In the liver, urocanic acid is an intermediate in the conversion of histidine to glutamic acid, whereas in the epidermis, it accumulates and may be both a UV protectant and an immunoregulator. Urocanic acid (UA) exists as a trans isomer (t-UA, approximately 30 mg/cm2) in the uppermost layer of the skin (stratum corneum). t-UA is formed as the cells of the second layer of skin become metabolically inactive. During this process, proteins and membranes degrade, histidine is released, and histidase (histidine ammonia lyase) catalyzes the deamination of histidine to form t-UA. t-UA accumulates in the epidermis until removal by either the monthly skin renewal cycle or sweat. Upon absorption of UV light, the naturally occurring t-UA isomerizes to its cis form, c-UA. Because DNA lesions (e. g. , pyrimidine dimers) in the lower epidermis can result from UV-B absorption, initial research proposed that t-UA acted as a natural sunscreen absorbing UV-B in the stratum corneum before the damaging rays could penetrate into lower epidermal zones. c-UA also suppresses contact hypersensitivity and delayed hypersensitivity, reduces the Langerhans cell count in the epidermis, prolongs skin-graft survival time, and affects natural killer cell activity. It has also been proposed that c-UA may mediate the transient alteration in immune surveillance resulting in immunosuppression induced after UV-irradiation, by interacting with immune cells locally and/or systemically to generate T cells with suppressor function.

Cyproquinate is an anticoccidial drug, discovered by CIBA in the 1970s. Cyproquinate demonstrated marked anticoccidial activity against E. tenella infected chicks, and against a mixed coccidial infection. Cyproquinate also possessed antimalarial activity, as was demonstrated in a Novartis screen for antimalarial compounds.

Nifuraldezone is an antibacterial compound. It completely mimics the radiosensitizing effect of molecular oxygen in hypoxic mammalian cells in vitro at concentrations in tissue culture medium which showed no measurable acute toxicity.

Alipamide is an antihypertensive and diuretic agent. It is a hydrazide derivative of m-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with diuretic activity. Alipamide primarily causes a saluretic effect and is able to inhibit carbonic anhydrase at higher doses which may also contribute to this agent's diuretic effect.

Amquinate is a quinolone coccidiostat. It is a powerful inhibitior of succinate and malate plus pyruvate supported respiration in E. tenella mitochondria. Amquinate is an antimalarial drug.

BIPHENYL DIMETHYL DICARBOXYLATE (BDD) under the brand name Nissel is used in the South Corea for the treatment of chronic hepatitis followed by an increase in serum alanine aminotransferase levels continuously. This compound also participated in clinical trials phase III in the patients with chronic liver disease. In addition, the drug was studied in phase III clinical trials after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The use of BDD in patients with cholecystitis was expected to inhibit elevated liver enzyme levels and to maintain liver function.

Thiphencillin is a penicillin analog patented by Abbott Laboratories as an antibacterial agent. Thiphencillin shows potent antibacterial activity against various species and genera of pathogenic bacteria.

Nafenopin is a hypolipidemic drug. It is also a peroxisome proliferator. In rats and mice, nafenopin is a nongenotoxic hepatocarcinogen, which induces hepatic DNA synthesis and enzyme induction both in vivo and in hepatocyte cultures in vitro. Hepatic Ca2+ mobilization induced by nafenopin may play an important role in the mechanism by which nafenopin exerts its physiological as well as its tumour promotive activity upon chronic treatment with carcinogenic doses.