Negatol (Policresulen) is a topical hemostatic and antiseptic indicated for common anal disorders, such as hemorrhoids, and for gynecological infections. Policresulen has hemostatic activity by causing coagulation of blood proteins and promoting the contraction of the muscular fibers of the blood vessels of small caliber. Policresulen promotes selective chemical debridement: being an anion, it has the ability to interact only with the phospholipid molecules of the plasma membranes of to devitalized cells, which have lost its original electric charge. This contact provides the denaturation of cellular proteins, facilitating their removal. Its acidity, together with coagulating properties, give policresulen antimicrobial activity against staphylococcus spp., streptococcus spp. and Candida albicans. Policresulen is often used for gynecological infections. It is also used to treat canker sore in some countries.

Fesoterodine (trade name Toviaz) is a prodrug of 5-hydroxymethyl tolterodine, which is also the active metabolite of tolterodine. Fesoterodine and its active metabolites are nonsubtype selective, competitive antagonists of human muscarinic receptors, but 5-hydroxymethyl tolterodine has greater potency than the parent compound. A prodrug approach was necessary for systemic bioavailability of 5-hydroxymethyl tolterodine after oral administration. Fesoterodine was originated by Schwarz Pharma (later a subsidiary of UCB) and is being developed by Pfizer for the treatment of overactive bladder and urinary urge incontinence. The agent is launched in several countries for the treatment of overactive bladder, including the US, Japan, Canada, Europe and Asia.

Levonorgestrel (LNG) is a synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of progesterone and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (norgestrel). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis. It is usually supplied in a racemic mixture (Norgestrel, 6533-00-2). Only the levonorgestrel isomer is active. Within an Intrauterine device (IUD), sold as Mirena among others, it is effective for long term prevention of pregnancy. The local mechanism by which continuously released LNG enhances contraceptive effectiveness of Mirena has not been conclusively demonstrated. Studies of Mirena and similar LNG IUS prototypes have suggested several mechanisms that prevent pregnancy: thickening of cervical mucus preventing passage of sperm into the uterus, inhibition of sperm capacitation or survival, and alteration of the endometrium. Mirena has mainly local progestogenic effects in the uterine cavity. The high local levels of levonorgestrel lead to morphological changes including stromal pseudodecidualization, glandular atrophy, a leukocytic infiltration and a decrease in glandular and stromal mitoses. Ovulation is inhibited in some women using Mirena. In a 1-year study, approximately 45% of menstrual cycles were ovulatory, and in another study after 4 years, 75% of cycles were ovulatory. There has been much debate regarding levonorgestrel emergency contraception's (LNG-EC's) method of action since 1999 when the Food and Drug Administration first approved its use. Proponents of LNG-EC have argued that they have moral certitude that LNG-EC works via a non-abortifacient mechanism of action, and claim that all the major scientific and medical data consistently support this hypothesis. However, newer medical data serve to undermine the consistency of the non-abortifacient hypothesis and instead support the hypothesis that preovulatory administration of LNG-EC has significant potential to work via abortion. The implications of the newer data have important ramifications for medical personnel, patients, and both Catholic and non-Catholic emergency room protocols. In the future, technology such as the use of early pregnancy factor may have the potential to quantify how frequently preovulatory LNG-EC works via abortion. The latest scientific and medical evidence now demonstrates that levonorgestrel emergency contraception theoretically works via abortion quite often. The implications of the newer data have important ramifications for medical personnel, patients, and both Catholic and non-Catholic emergency room rape protocols.

The ammonium cation is a positively charged polyatomic ion with the chemical formula NH4+. Ammonium ions are a waste product of the metabolism of animals. In fish and aquatic invertebrates, it is excreted directly into the water. In mammals, sharks, and amphibians, it is converted in the urea cycle to urea, because urea is less toxic and can be stored more efficiently. In birds, reptiles, and terrestrial snails, metabolic ammonium is converted into uric acid, which is solid and can therefore be excreted with minimal water loss. Ammonium is an important source of nitrogen for many plant species, especially those growing on hypoxic soils. However, it is also toxic to most crop species and is rarely applied as a sole nitrogen source. The ammonium ion (NH4+) in the body plays an important role in the maintenance of acid-base balance. The kidney uses ammonium (NH4+) in place of sodium (Na+) to combine with fixed anions in maintaining acid-base balance, especially as a homeostatic compensatory mechanism in metabolic acidosis. When a loss of hydrogen ions (H+) occurs and serum chloride (Cl–) decreases, sodium is made available for combination with bicarbonate (HCO3–). This creates an excess of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) which leads to a rise in blood pH and a state of metabolic alkalosis. The therapeutic effects of Ammonium (as Ammonium Chloride) depend upon the ability of the kidney to utilize ammonia in the excretion of an excess of fixed anions and the conversion of ammonia to urea by the liver, thereby liberating hydrogen (H+) and chloride (Cl–) ions into the extracellular fluid.

Acetic acid (a component of vinagre) is used in medicine for the treatment of otitis externa caused by bacterial infections. The solution containing acetic acid was approved by FDA.

Oxytetracycline, a tetracycline analog isolated from the actinomycete streptomyces rimosus, was the second of the broad-spectrum tetracycline group of antibiotics to be discovered The drug is used for the prophylaxis and local treatment of superficial ocular infections due to oxytetracycline- and polymyxin-sensitive organisms for animal use only. These infections include the following: Ocular infections due to streptococci, rickettsiae E. coli, and A. aerogenes (such as conjunctivitis, keratitis, pinkeye, corneal ulcer, and blepharitis in dogs); ocular infections due to secondary bacterial complications associated with distemper in dogs; and ocular infections due to bacterial inflammatory conditions which may occur secondary to other diseases in dogs. Allergic reactions may occasionally occur. Treatment should be discontinued if reactions are severe. If new infections due to nonsensitive bacteria or fungi appear during therapy, appropriate measures should be taken. Oxytetracycline inhibits cell growth by inhibiting translation. It binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit and prevents the amino-acyl tRNA from binding to the A site of the ribosome. The binding is reversible in nature. Oxytetracycline is lipophilic and can easily pass through the cell membrane or passively diffuses through porin channels in the bacterial membrane.

Magnesium diamide is used as a chemical intermediate. Magnesium diamide is spontaneously combustible. It is toxic by inhalation. Skin or eye contact may cause severe burns.