Iopanoic acid is a representative iodinated ionic monomeric contrast medium.

Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that was first isolated from Streptomyces venezuelae in 1947. The drug was subsequently chemically synthesized. It has both a bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect; in the usual therapeutic concentrations it is bacteriostatic. Chloramphenicol is used for the treatment of serious gram-negative, gram-positive, and anaerobic infections. It is especially useful in the treatment of meningitis, typhoid fever, and cystic fibrosis. It should be reserved for infections for which other drugs are ineffective or contraindicated. Chloramphenicol, a small inhibitor of bacterial protein synthesis, is active against a variety of bacteria and readily enters the CSF. It has been used extensively in the last decades for the treatment of bacterial meningitis. In industrialized countries, chloramphenicol is restricted mostly to topical uses because of the risk of induction of aplastic anemia. However, it remains a valuable reserve antibiotic for patients with allergy to β-lactam antibiotics or with CNS infections caused by multiresistant pathogens.

Amodiaquine is a medication used to treat malaria, including Plasmodium falciparum malaria when uncomplicated. The mechanism of plasmodicidal action of amodiaquine is not completely certain. Like other quinoline derivatives, it is thought to inhibit heme polymerase activity. This results in accumulation of free heme, which is toxic to the parasites. The drug binds the free heme preventing the parasite from converting it to a form less toxic. This drug-heme complex is toxic and disrupts membrane function. The side effects of amodiaquine are generally minor to moderate and are similar to those of chloroquine. Rarely liver problems or low blood cell levels may occur. When taken in excess headaches, trouble seeing, seizures, and cardiac arrest may occur. After oral administration amodiaquine hydrochloride is rapidly absorbed,and undergoes rapid and extensive metabolism to desethylamodiaquine which concentrates in red blood cells. It is likely that desethylamodiaquine, not amodiaquine, is responsible for most of the observed antimalarial activity, and that the toxic effects of amodiaquine after oral administration may in part be due to desethylamodiaquine.

Cyclamic acid (Cyclamate) is banned in the United States but it is used in many other Western countries without safety concerns. Cyclamate interacts with the sweet taste receptor subunit T1R3 transmembrane domain. Initially it was recommended for use in treatment of obese patients and by individuals with diabetes but in August 27, 1970 FDA concluded that there was no substantial evidence of effectiveness of cyclamate compounds at any level for treatment of obese patients and individuals with diabetes and therefore prohibited continued sale of cyclamate containing products with drug labeling. cyclamate is the putative carcinogenic agent. Cyclamate was tested in the Maximal Electroshock Seizure model (mice, ip), showing moderate anticonvulsant activity.

SODIUM GLYCOLATE, a sodium salt of carboxymethyl ether, is used as a pharmaceutical grade dissolution excipient for solid dosage forms. It absorbs water rapidly, resulting in swelling which leads to the rapid disintegration of tablets and capsules. Without a disintegrant, these may not dissolve appropriately and may effect the amount of active ingredient absorbed, thereby decreasing effectiveness.

Aminohippurate (p-aminohippuric acid, PAH, PAHA) is the glycine amide of p-aminobenzoic acid. Aminohippuric acid sodium salt is an agent to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF).

AMINOBENZOATE SODIUM is a salt of Aminobenzoic acid. Aminobenzoic acid is an intermediate in the synthesis of folate by bacteria, plants, and fungi. Many bacteria, including those found in the human intestinal tract such as E. coli, generate Aminobenzoic acid from chorismate by the combined action of the enzymes 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate synthase and 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate lyase. Plants produce Aminobenzoic acid in their chloroplasts, and store it as a glucose ester (pABA-Glc) in their tissues. Humans lack the enzymes to convert Aminobenzoic acid to folate, so require folate from dietary sources such as green leafy vegetables. In humans, Aminobenzoic acid is considered nonessential and, although it has been referred to historically as "vitamin Bx", is no longer recognized as a vitamin, because most people have colon bacteria that generate Aminobenzoic acid. The potassium salt is used as a drug against fibrotic skin disorders, such as Peyronie's disease, under the trade name Potaba.

OCTANOIC ACID (Caprylic acid) eight-carbon saturated fatty acid belongs to the class of mediumchain saturated fatty acids. OCTANOIC ACID found naturally in the milk of various mammals, and as a minor constituent of coconut oil and palm kernel oil. Caprylic acid is used commercially in the production of esters used in perfumery and also in the manufacture of dyes. Caprylic acid is an antimicrobial pesticide used as a food contact surface sanitizer in commercial food handling establishments on dairy equipment, food processing equipment, breweries, wineries, and beverage processing plants. It is also used as disinfectant in health care facilities, schools/colleges, animal care/veterinary facilities, industrial facilities, office buildings, recreational facilities, retail and wholesale establishments, livestock premises, restaurants, and hotels/motels. In addition, caprylic acid is used as an algaecide, bactericide, and fungicide in nurseries, greenhouses, garden centers, and interiorscapes on ornamentals. Products containing caprylic acid are formulated as soluble concentrate/liquids and ready-to-use liquids.

Menadione, a drug belong to class of Vitamin K, is prescribed for the treatment of hemorrhage, vitamin K deficiency, moderate to severe forms of hypoprothrombinaemia in adults and children. Menadione is a synthetic form of vitamin K, a lipid-soluble vitamin. Vitamin K is a vital cofactor for the biosynthesis of prothrombin, factor VII, IX, X, protein C and protein S. Menadione supports the functions of osteocalcin. Large doses of menadione have been reported to cause adverse outcomes including hemolytic anemia due to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, neonatal brain or liver damage, or neonatal death in some rare cases.