Disodium aspartate is used in organic biosynthesis.

Benzyl benzoate is an organic compound with the formula C6H5CH2O2CC6H5. It is the ester of benzyl alcohol and benzoic acid. It forms either a viscous liquid or solid flakes and has a weak, sweet-balsamic odor. It occurs in a number of blossoms (e. g. tuberose, hyacinth) and is a component of Balsam of Peru and Tolu balsam. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important medication needed in a basic health system. Benzyl benzoate is one of the older preparations used to treat scabies. Scabies is a skin infection caused by the mite sarcoptes scabiei. It is characterised by severe itching (particularly at night), red spots, and may lead to a secondary infection. Benzyl benzoate is lethal to this mite and so is useful in the treatment of scabies. It is also used to treat lice infestation of the head and body. Benzyl benzoate is not the treatment of choice for scabies due to its irritant properties. Benzyl benzoate exerts toxic effects on the nervous system of the parasite, resulting in its death. It is also toxic to mite ova, though its exact mechanism of action is unknown. In vitro, benzyl benzoate has been found to kill the Sarcoptes mite within 5 minutes.

Phenylmercuric nitrate is classified as an antimicrobial preservative. It is bactericidal against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative species. It is used as antimicrobial preservative mainly in ophthalmic preparations. Patients who used eye drops containing the preservative, phenylmercuric nitrate for from 3 to 15 years, developed a brownish pigmentation of the anterior capsule of the pupillary area. Special studies, including electron microprobe analysis and neutron activation analysis established the presence of mercury in a lens with mercurialentis. Phenylmercuric nitrate is also an effective spermicide, although its use in vaginal contraceptives is no longer recommended.

Chlorobutanol, or trichloro-2-methyl-2-propanol, is an analgesic and sedative hypnotic in man, and an experimental general anesthetic. It has antibacterial and antifungal properties. It is also used chemical preservative for parenteral drugs. It was found, that chlorobutanol inhibited mammalian Nav 1.2 channels at concentrations less than those used to preserve parenteral solutions. Its mechanism of inhibiting Na channels differs from that of local anesthetics in that it does not show use dependent or state dependent inhibition.

Noscapine (also known as Narcotine, Nectodon, Nospen, Anarcotine and (archaic) Opiane) is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid from plants of the poppy family, without painkilling properties. This agent is primarily used for its antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects. Noscapine is often used as an antitussive medication. A 2012 Dutch guideline, however, does not recommend its use for coughing. Noscapine can increase the effects of centrally sedating substances such as alcohol and hypnotics. Noscapine should not be taken in conjunction with warfarin as the anticoagulant effects of warfarin may be increased. Noscapine, and its synthetic derivatives called noscapinoids, are known to interact with microtubules and inhibit cancer cell proliferation. Mechanisms for its antitussive action are unknown, although animal studies have suggested central nervous system as a site of action. Furthermore, noscapine causes apoptosis in many cell types and has potent antitumor activity against solid murine lymphoid tumors (even when the drug was administered orally) and against human breast and bladder tumors implanted in nude mice. Because noscapine is water-soluble and absorbed after oral administration, its chemotherapeutic potential in human cancer merits thorough evaluation. Antifibrotic effect of noscapine based on novel mechanism, which it shows through EP2 prostaglandin E2 receptor-mediated activation of protein kinase A.

Diethyl ether (ether) had been widely used for anesthesia until the 1960s despite its explosive properties and toxicity to both humans and animals. Diethyl ether still serves a role today as an effective inhalation agent. Newer inhalation agents have replaced ether completely and open drop delivery systems have been exchanged for complicated vaporizers and monitoring systems. Anesthesia in the developing world, however, still closely resembles primitive anesthetics.

Polaprezinc is a zinc-containing molecule and used for the therapy of gastric ulcer. It has been reported that this compound inhibits the induction of TNF-a as well as cellular signaling of TNF-a. Polaprezinc has been shown to exert an anti-oxidant property in a tube experiment and accelerate the healing of gastric ulcer in humans. Polaprezinc inhibited EtOH-induced cytochrome c reduction. Protection by polaprezinc was microscopically associated with the prevention of monolayer disruption. In an animal model of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis polaprezinc improves the recovery from 5-fluorouracil–induced oral mucositis in hamsters. Polaprezinc ameliorates mucosal ulceration in acetic acid-induced experimental oral mucositis in hamsters. Polaprezinc is potentially useful for prevention of oral mucositis and improvement of quality of life without reducing the tumor response. Polaprezinc is in phase II clinical trial for the treatment of taste disorders.

Diethyltoluamide (DEET) is an insect repellent used to keep insects away. This product is effective against mosquitoes, biting flies (gnats, sandflies, deer flies, stable flies, black flies), ticks, harvest mites, and fleas. DEET is absorbed through the skin. DEET has few adverse effects when applied as directed. The most common problem is local skin irritation, including erythema and pruritis, at the site of application.

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenol from green tea, has the potential to impact a variety of human diseases. EGCG functions as a powerful antioxidant, preventing oxidative damage in healthy cells, but also as an antiangiogenic and antitumor agent and as a modulator of tumor cell response to chemotherapy. It was shown, that EGCG can inhibit 5-cytosine DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity and reactivate methylation-silenced genes in cancer cells and another of the probable mechanisms by EGCG exercise their anti-tumor property is through the suppression of the NFκB signaling pathway. EGCG has emerged as a potential neuroprotective agent for the treatment of neurological disorders associated with harmful effects of reactive oxygen species. The neuroprotective mechanism of action is probably based on several factors, including EGCG's modulation of several signal transduction pathways, its influence on the expression of genes regulating cell survival or programmed cell death, as well as its modulation of mitochondrial function. A phase II/III trial of oral Sunphenon epigallocatechin-3-gallate in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis has been completed. In addition, EGCG was in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of multiple system atrophy and for patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy ((DMD). DMD is the most frequent neuromuscular condition to occur in childhood and youth.