Pyronaridine was developed in China and has been registered in that country since the 1980s. Outside China, none of the existing formulations is registered because of the failure to meet international regulatory standards. Pyronaridine is generally active against chloroquine-resistant parasites. Pyronaridine has been investigated for the treatment of Malaria. Pyronaridine targets hematin. Combination of pyronaridine with artesunate was indicated for the blood-stage treatment of both strains of malaria:  P. falciparum and P. vivax.  WHO currently recommends artesunate-pyronaridine in areas where other artemisinin-based combination therapies are failing.

Cyclobendazole, a benzimidazole derivative, is an anthelmintic drug. It is a microtubule synthesis inhibitor.

Nimorazole is an antimicrobial with activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. Its actions and properties are similar to metronidazole. It has also been used in trials studying the treatment of Hypoxia, Radiotherapy, Hypoxic Modification, Gene Profile, Gene Signature, and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma, among others. Azanta is developing, nimorazole, as an oral hypoxic radio-sensitiser for the treatment of patients with head and neck cancer who are undergoing radiotherapy. Previously, nimorazole has been approved for use as an anti-protozoal agent and has been launched worldwide. Nimorazole, for the treatment of head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy received orphan designation by EMA in 2011.

Desaspidin is an anthelmintic drug.

Albendazole oxide (Ricobendazole) is a methylcarbamate benzimidazole with a broad-spectrum anthelmintic activity. Ricobendazole is a key metabolite of albendazole. Ricobendazole has broad spectrum anthelmintic action; the drug is active against adult and immature nematodes (Dictyocaulus, Haemonchus, Ostertagia, Thelazia, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Cooperia, Oesophagostomum, Bunostomum, Chabertia etc.), tapeworms (Moniezia, Avitellinae, Thysaniezia etc.), as well as adult flukes (Fasciola, Paramphistom, and Dicrocoelium), having an egg-killing effect; it reduces pasture contamination with helminth eggs. The mechanism of action of ricobendazole (albendazole sulfoxide), ensuring its anthelmintic activity, is associated with selective inhibition of beta-tubulin polymerization, which leads to the destruction of cytoplasmic microtubules of helminth intestinal cells; it inhibits the processes of glucose transport and disposal, and inhibits the synthesis of ATP; it blocks the movement of secretory granules and other organelles in the muscle cells of worms, disrupting the permeability of cell membranes and muscle innervation, which causes paralysis and death of the parasites. Albendazole oxide has been shown to induce apoptosis in human cancer cell line HT-29, possibly by arresting the cell cycle at the G2/M phase.

Zilantel is anthelmintic drug and pesticide. In particular, it was tested against adult worms Toxocara canis.

Derquantel is a so-called spiroindole, is obtained from fermentation extracts of Penicillium simplicissimum, a particular species of soil fungi. This drug is used in veterinary under brand name Startect, in combination with abamectin against several gastrointestinal roundworms that affect sheep. At the recommended therapeutic dose derquantel is highly effective against Haemonchus spp, Cooperia spp, and Trichostrongylus spp, including those resistant to most classic anthelmintics (benzimidazoles, levamisole, macrocyclic lactones). However it has a lower and variable efficacy against Ostertagia spp (= Teladorsagia), and is basically ineffective against Oesophagostomum spp and Trichuris spp, other important gastrointestinal worms of sheep. It is also ineffective against lungworms and other roundworms that infect sheep outside the gastrointestinal system. Derquantel is a nicotinic cholinergic antagonist: it blocks cholinergic neuromuscular transmission. The effect on the worms is that they are paralyzed and die or are expelled.

Butonate is a veterinary anti-parasitic drug, which was approved by FDA, but lately voluntarily withdrawn.

PR-69 (Doranidazole) is a hypoxic radiosensitizer, and is a derivative of 2-nitroimidazole intended to reduce neurotoxicity due to its blood brain barrier (BBB) impermeability. Several studies have shown that doranidazole has a radiosensitizing effect under hypoxia, both in vitro and in vivo. Based on these studies, a phase III trial of doranidazole against advanced pancreatic cancer was performed; it was demonstrated that treatment with doranidazole following radiation significantly improved the tumor mass reduction rate and extended patient survival. Various results have suggested that doranidazole has promising potential for hypoxia-targeting chemoradiotherapy.

Kainic acid (kainate) is a natural marine acid present in some seaweed. Kainic acid is a potent neuroexcitatory amino acid that acts by activating receptors for glutamate, the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Kainic acid is commonly injected into laboratory animal models to study the effects of experimental ablation. Kainic acid is a direct agonist of the glutamic kainate receptors and large doses of concentrated solutions produce immediate neuronal death by overstimulating neurons to death. Such damage and death of neurons is referred to as an excitotoxic lesion. Thus, in large, concentrated doses kainic acid can be considered a neurotoxin, and in small doses of dilute solution kainic acid will chemically stimulate neurons. Kainic acid is utilised in primary neuronal cell cultures and acute brain slice preparations [5] to study of the physiological effect of excitotoxicity and assess the neuroprotective capabilities of potential therapeutics. Kainic acid is a potent central nervous system excitant that is used in epilepsy research to induce seizures in experimental animals, at a typical dose of 10–30 mg/kg in mice. In addition to inducing seizures, kainic acid is excitotoxic and epileptogenic. Kainic acid induces seizures via activation of kainate receptors containing the GluK2 subunit and also through activation of AMPA receptors, for which it serves as a partial agonist.