Benzododecinium, a quaternary ammonium compound, is an antiseptic agent and disinfectant. Benzododecinium is used as preservative in different pharmaceutical formulations. Thus, the dispenser of Timoptol-LA, used for the treatment of patients with ocular hypertension, contains benzododecinium bromide as a preservative. It is used as preservative and the corneal permeability enhancer in formulation. Benzododecinium is effective against gram-positive microbes.

Miripirium chloride is used as an antimicrobial preservative in some pharmaceutical products. Miripirium was used as the preservative in Depo-Medrol. Miripirium was used as constituent of methylprednisolone acetate suspensions used for intra-articular corticosteroid therapy.

D&C RED NO. 40 is an inactive component (color additive) of RYCLORA®, an antihistamine agent with anticholinergic (drying) and sedative side effects, which is effective for the symptomatic relief of perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, mild and uncomplicated allergic skin manifestations of urticaria and angioedema, dermographism, amelioration of allergic reactions to blood or plasma.

Inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi ) has long been known as a by-product of many intracellular biosynthetic reactions. PPi plays the regulatory role in living systems, such as activities of enzymes, fidelity of syntheses of macromolecules, and proliferation of cells. PPi is used as a biochemical energy source instead of ATP especially in bacteria, protists, and plants. PPi may also regulate the formation and dissolution of bone as well as pathologic calcification of soft tissues and the formation of urinary stones. The formation of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals in the extracellular fluids of joints cause the disease called pseudogout. Sodium, potassium and calcium pyrophosphates (E450) are used as food additives as buffers and emulsifiers.

Erythrosine B (also known as Red No. 3), a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved red food dye, is found in cosmetics and food. It is also used as a plasma stain for nerve cells and staining bacteria in soil. It was studied the modulating capabilities of erythrosine B on amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) aggregation and Aβ-associated impaired neuronal cell function. It is known, that aggregation Aβ is closely linked to the development of Alzheimer's disease pathology.

Ethylparaben is produced naturally and found in several fruits and insects, where it acts as an antimicrobial agent. Ethylparaben is mainly used as antiseptics in cosmetics, food and medicine (E number E214). It is also can be used as feed preservatives and antiseptic for bacteria. Ethylparaben is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract or through the skin. It is hydrolyzed to p-hydroxybenzoic acid and rapidly excreted in urine without accumulating in the body. Under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act), cosmetic products and ingredients, other than color additives, do not need FDA approval before they go on the market. Broad concentration ranges reported in each product category in 1981 were < 0.1% and > 0.1% to 1%. Studies show the in vivo estrogenicity of MP and EP at human exposure levels, and indicate that populations exposed to large amounts of MP and EP may have a high burden of estrogenicity-related diseases.

A. W. Van Hoffman was the first to isolate sorbic acid from the berries of the mountain ash tree in the year 1859. The antimicrobial (preservative) properties of sorbic acid were recognized in the 1940's. In the late 1940's and 1950's it became commercially available. Sorbic acid and its potassium salt are now used in many countries in the production of sweet white wines. In the United States, BATF permits the use of sorbic acid and potassium sorbate to preserve wine. The maximum concentration of sorbic acid allowed in finished wine is 300 mg/L, (300 ppm). The antimicrobial action of sorbic acid is primarily against yeasts and molds. It's action against bacteria appears to be selective. The soluble sorbates are preferred when it is desired to use the preservative in liquid form, or when aqueous systems are to be preserved. Sodium sorbate in solid form is unstable and very rapidly undergoes oxidation on exposure to atmospheric oxygen. It is therefore not produced on the industrial scale. Aqueous solutions of sodium sorbate remain stable for some time. Calcium sorbate is used in the manufacture of fungistatic wrappers because it is highly stable to oxidation, but this use is very limited. Sorbic acid and sorbates can be directly added into the product. The products can be dipped or sprayed with aqueous solutions of sorbates. Dusting of food with dry sorbic acid is also possible but less recommended because sorbic acid irritates the skin and mucous membranes. Sorbic acid and particularly calcium sorbate can be used as active substances in fungistatic wrappers. A general survey of the numerous uses of sorbic acid in the food sector will be given. Some fields of application will be discussed that are either unimportant or not permitted in the U.K.

Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) is an anionic surfactant naturally derived from coconut and/or palm kernel oil. It usually consists of a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl. It is a widely used and inexpensive chemical found in many mainstream personal hygiene products such as shampoos, toothpastes, soaps, detergents and body wash. SLS is a detergent and surfactant, which essentially means that it breaks surface tension and separates molecules in order to allow better interaction between the product and your hair. It is also widely used as a skin irritant when testing products used to heal skin conditions. It was found that SLS represented a potential candidate for the use as a topical microbicide to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV-1, herpes, human papillomavirus and possibly other sexually transmitted pathogens. The mechanism of action of SLS involves the solubilization of the viral envelope and/or the denaturation of envelope and/or capsid proteins.

Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) is an anionic surfactant naturally derived from coconut and/or palm kernel oil. It usually consists of a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl. It is a widely used and inexpensive chemical found in many mainstream personal hygiene products such as shampoos, toothpastes, soaps, detergents and body wash. SLS is a detergent and surfactant, which essentially means that it breaks surface tension and separates molecules in order to allow better interaction between the product and your hair. It is also widely used as a skin irritant when testing products used to heal skin conditions. It was found that SLS represented a potential candidate for the use as a topical microbicide to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV-1, herpes, human papillomavirus and possibly other sexually transmitted pathogens. The mechanism of action of SLS involves the solubilization of the viral envelope and/or the denaturation of envelope and/or capsid proteins.

D&C RED NO. 33, a red dye, is used as a colorant in cosmetic product. It’s also an inactive ingredient of JOHNSONS BATH DISCOVERY BABY GIFT SET, which is used to prevent diaper rash.