Details
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Molecular Formula | C9H9O3.Na |
| Molecular Weight | 188.1557 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
[Na+].CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C([O-])C=C1
InChI
InChIKey=QYNMSPKSYXPZHG-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChI=1S/C9H10O3.Na/c1-2-12-9(11)7-3-5-8(10)6-4-7;/h3-6,10H,2H2,1H3;/q;+1/p-1
DescriptionCurator's Comment: http://www.fda.gov/Cosmetics/ProductsIngredients/Ingredients/ucm128042.htm
http://www.connectchemicals.com/en/products-finder/ethyl-paraben-ep-120-47-8-153/?from=application-skin-care/function-preservative
http://www.mattilsynet.no/kosmetikk/stoffer_i_kosmetikk/parabener/eus_vitenskapskomite_paa_kosmetikkomraadet_om_parabener_mars_2011.8143/binary/EUs%20vitenskapskomite%20på%20kosmetikkområdet%20om%20parabener%20mars%202011
http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_risk/committees/04_sccp/docs/sccp_o_019.pdf
Curator's Comment: http://www.fda.gov/Cosmetics/ProductsIngredients/Ingredients/ucm128042.htm
http://www.connectchemicals.com/en/products-finder/ethyl-paraben-ep-120-47-8-153/?from=application-skin-care/function-preservative
http://www.mattilsynet.no/kosmetikk/stoffer_i_kosmetikk/parabener/eus_vitenskapskomite_paa_kosmetikkomraadet_om_parabener_mars_2011.8143/binary/EUs%20vitenskapskomite%20på%20kosmetikkområdet%20om%20parabener%20mars%202011
http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_risk/committees/04_sccp/docs/sccp_o_019.pdf
Ethylparaben is produced naturally and found in several fruits and insects, where it acts as an antimicrobial agent. Ethylparaben is mainly used as antiseptics in cosmetics, food and medicine (E number E214). It is also can be used as feed preservatives and antiseptic for bacteria. Ethylparaben is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract or through the skin. It is hydrolyzed to p-hydroxybenzoic acid and rapidly excreted in urine without accumulating in the body. Under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act), cosmetic products and ingredients, other than color additives, do not need FDA approval before they go on the market. Broad concentration ranges reported in each product category in 1981 were < 0.1% and > 0.1% to 1%. Studies show the in vivo estrogenicity of MP and EP at human exposure levels, and indicate that populations exposed to large amounts of MP and EP may have a high burden of estrogenicity-related diseases.
Approval Year
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| Sequential injection chromatographic determination of ambroxol hydrochloride and doxycycline in pharmaceutical preparations. | 2005 Dec 15 |
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| Fast simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of naphazoline nitrate and methylparaben by sequential injection chromatography. | 2006 Sep 15 |
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| [Simultaneous determination of 7 kinds of preservatives and saccharin in foods with HPLC, and identification with LC/MS/MS]. | 2007 Dec |
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| Final amended report on the safety assessment of Methylparaben, Ethylparaben, Propylparaben, Isopropylparaben, Butylparaben, Isobutylparaben, and Benzylparaben as used in cosmetic products. | 2008 |
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| The effect of McInnes solution on enamel and the effect of Tooth mousse on bleached enamel: An in vitro study. | 2008 Apr |
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| Higher levels of ethyl paraben and butyl paraben in rat amniotic fluid than in maternal plasma after subcutaneous administration. | 2008 Dec |
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| The effect of signal suppression and mobile phase composition on the simultaneous analysis of multiple classes of acidic/neutral pharmaceuticals and personal care products in surface water by solid-phase extraction and ultra performance liquid chromatography-negative electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. | 2008 Feb 15 |
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| Skin protection creams in medical settings: successful or evil? | 2008 Jul 25 |
|
| Association of nicotinamide with parabens: effect on solubility, partition and transdermal permeation. | 2008 Jun |
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| Effect of pharmaceuticals on thermoreversible gelation of PEO-PPO-PEO copolymers. | 2008 Jun 1 |
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| [Application of single drop microextraction in the determination of phthalate esters and parabens in drugs by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry]. | 2008 May |
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| Do parabens have the ability to interfere with steroidogenesis? | 2008 Nov |
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| Ethyl-paraben and nicotinamide mixtures: apparent solubility, thermal behavior and X-ray structure of the 1:1 co-crystal. | 2008 Nov |
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| Influence of preservatives on the stability of ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulphate in urine. | 2008 Nov 20 |
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| Development and validation of a simple and rapid HPLC method for determination of pioglitazone in human plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. | 2008 Oct |
|
| Simultaneous determination of 21 preservatives in cosmetics by ultra performance liquid chromatography. | 2008 Oct |
|
| A structural and thermal investigation of the inclusion of parabens in heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)cyclomaltoheptaose. | 2008 Sep 22 |
|
| Characterization and distribution of phenolics in carrot cell walls. | 2008 Sep 24 |
|
| Underarm antiperspirants/deodorants and breast cancer. | 2009 |
|
| Comparison of artificial sebum with human and hamster sebum samples. | 2009 Feb 9 |
|
| Parabens in male infertility-is there a mitochondrial connection? | 2009 Jan |
|
| Analysis of parabens in cosmetics by low pressure liquid chromatography with monolithic column and chemiluminescent detection. | 2009 Jul 15 |
|
| 4-Hydroxy-benzohydrazide. | 2009 Jul 4 |
|
| Combined online spectroscopic, calorimetric, and chemometric analysis: reaction enthalpy determinations in single and parallel reactions. | 2009 Jun 2 |
|
| Modeling the phase behavior in mixtures of pharmaceuticals with liquid or supercritical solvents. | 2009 May 7 |
|
| [Determination of six p-hydroxybenzoates in fruits and jams using solid-phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography]. | 2009 Nov |
|
| Synthesis, characterization and texture observations of calamitic liquid crystalline compounds. | 2009 Nov 4 |
|
| Relating solubility data of parabens in liquid PEG 400 to the behaviour of PEG 4000-parabens solid dispersions. | 2009 Oct |
|
| Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for determining the presence of eleven personal care products in surface and wastewaters. | 2009 Oct 16 |
|
| Metabolism of parabens (4-hydroxybenzoic acid esters) by hepatic esterases and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases in man. | 2010 |
|
| Mixture effects of endocrine disrupting compounds in vitro. | 2010 Apr |
|
| Hedge mustard (Sisymbrium officinale): chemical diversity of volatiles and their antimicrobial activity. | 2010 Aug |
|
| [Chemical constituents of rhizoma imperatae and their anti-complementary activity]. | 2010 Dec |
|
| [Chemical constituents from aerial parts of Fallopia convolvulus]. | 2010 Dec |
|
| Ozonation of parabens in aqueous solution: kinetics and mechanism of degradation. | 2010 Dec |
|
| Structure-toxicity relationship of phenolic analogs as anti-melanoma agents: an enzyme directed prodrug approach. | 2010 Feb 12 |
|
| Determination of parabens in cosmetic products using multi-walled carbon nanotubes as solid phase extraction sorbent and corona-charged aerosol detection system. | 2010 Jan 1 |
|
| A New Validated HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Determination of 2-phenoxyethanol, Methylparaben, Ethylparaben and Propylparaben in a Pharmaceutical Gel. | 2010 Jul |
|
| Potential estrogenic effect(s) of parabens at the prepubertal stage of a postnatal female rat model. | 2010 Jun |
|
| Use of a capillary tube for collecting an extraction solvent lighter than water after dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and its application in the determination of parabens in different samples by gas chromatography--flame ionization detection. | 2010 Jun 15 |
|
| Urinary concentrations of four parabens in the U.S. population: NHANES 2005-2006. | 2010 May |
|
| Occurrence and sources of selected phenolic endocrine disruptors in Ria de Aveiro, Portugal. | 2010 May |
|
| Simultaneous quantitation of parabens, triclosan, and methyl triclosan in indoor house dust using solid phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. | 2010 Oct 6 |
|
| Regulation of the 5-HT3A receptor-mediated current by alkyl 4-hydroxybenzoates isolated from the seeds of Nelumbo nucifera. | 2010 Sep |
|
| Removal of parabens from aqueous solution using β-cyclodextrin cross-linked polymer. | 2010 Sep 20 |
|
| Simultaneous determination of electroactive and non-electroactive food preservatives by novel capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection. | 2010 Sep 23 |
|
| Effects of parabens on adipocyte differentiation. | 2013 Jan |
|
| Comparative study on transcriptional activity of 17 parabens mediated by estrogen receptor α and β and androgen receptor. | 2013 Jul |
|
| Inverse antagonist activities of parabens on human oestrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ): in vitro and in silico studies. | 2013 Jul 1 |
|
| Polyacetylenes and anti-hepatitis B virus active constituents from Artemisia capillaris. | 2014 Jun |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Curator's Comment: Ethyl paraben was mixed with the standard
CE-2 powdered Wistar rats diet.
103 mg/kg/day for the 0.1% ethyl paraben
Route of Administration:
Oral
The antimicrobial activities of ethylparaben on R. solanacearum, S. typhimurium, E. coli, F. oxysporum, A. niger, F. solani and F. moniliforme were investigated. In the test, the antibacterial activities were assayed using 20 U/mL streptomycin sulfate as a control. The antifungal activities were assayed using 100 mg/mL hygromycin as control. The 50 mg/mL crude antimicrobial extract dissolved with DMSO was poured into the wells and one well was used as a control. For antifungal activity, the plates were incubated at 28 °C for 2 days. For antibacterial activity, the plates were incubated at 30 °C for 24 h. Ethylparaben was found to inhibit these seven different types of microbes to different extents.
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C92608
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C80928
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SUB23134
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PARENT (SALT/SOLVATE)
SUBSTANCE RECORD
