Azaribine (2′, 3′, 5′-triacetyl-6-azauridine) is the orally absorbable triacetylated derivative of the pyrimidine analog 6-azauridine. Ribonucleoside of 6-azauracil, which can be derived in the tissues by the deacetylation of azaribine, has been shown, after its intracellular conversion to 6-azauridine-5'-monophosphate, to serve as an inhibitor of the activity of a key enzyme, orotidine-5'-monophosphate (OMP) decarboxylase, critically concerned with the biosynthesis de novo of pyrimidines essential for the formation of nucleic acids. Azaribine exerts antineoplastic action. In 1975 azaribine was approved for the treatment of psoriasis. The drug was withdrawn because it may cause life-threatening or fatal blood clots in the veins and arteries.

Ropidoxuridine is a thymidine analogue and an oral prodrug of iododeoxyuridine that is easier to administer and less toxic with a more favorable therapeutic index in preclinical studies. Iododeoxyuridine demonstrated a survival advantage in Phase II studies in anaplastic astrocytoma, a type of brain tumor. Ropidoxuridine may help radiation therapy work better by making tumor cells more sensitive to the radiation therapy. In 2019, phase I clinical trials were ongoing to study the best dose of ropidoxuridine and its side effects in patients with metastatic malignant neoplasm in the brain and in patients with metastatic gastrointestinal cancer. First results showed that ropidoxuridine, combined with radiation therapy, was well-tolerated in patients with metastatic gastrointestinal cancer.

Troleandomycin (also known Triacetyl-oleandomycin and having brand name Tao) is a macrolide antibiotic which used to for the treat of infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract: such as tonsillitis, bronchitis, sinusitis, and pneumonia. However, the brand name Tao was discontinued. Troleandomycin acts by penetrating the bacterial cell membrane and reversibly binding to the 50 S subunit of bacterial ribosomes or near the "P" or donor site so that binding of tRNA (transfer RNA) to the donor site is blocked. Translocation of peptides from the "A" or acceptor site to the "P" or donor site is prevented, and subsequent protein synthesis is inhibited.

Triacetin, also known as Glyceryl Triacetate, is a cosmetic biocide, plasticizer, and solvent in cosmetic formulations, at concentrations ranging from 0.8% to 4.0%. It is a commonly used carrier for flavors and fragrances. Triacetin was affirmed as a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) human food ingredient by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). It is used as an inactive ingredient additive in some drug formulations. It has been used as a plasticizer in the tests of acrylic polymer films for drug delivery. Triacetin is not toxic to animals. However, in one study, it caused erythema, slight edema, alopecia, and desquamation, and did cause some irritation in rabbit eyes. Concentration of triacetin in consumer products is in the range of about 0.005-2 % for cosmetics, and has been reported to be as high as 15-33 % for one specific antifungal drug.

Uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP, INS316) is a naturally occurring agonist for P2Y(2) receptors on the apical surface of ciliated respiratory epithelium. INS316, being developed by Inspire Pharmaceuticals, is a short-acting, aerosolized uridine 5-triphosphate (UTP) solution used as a diagnostic aid for lung cancer. INS316 appears to improve sputum expectoration mediated through the P2Y2 receptor, a nucleotide receptor expressed in human airway epithelial cells and some other tissues. UTP binding to the P2Y2 receptor triggers signal transduction that leads to chloride ion secretion, thereby resulting in mucociliary clearance of airway. UTP stimulates salt and water transport and cilia beat frequency in human airway epithelium in vitro. Single, inhaled doses of UTP stimulate mucociliary clearance in conscious, intubated sheep and in patients with mild chronic bronchitis (smokers and former smokers), suggesting that UTP may be useful for obtaining deep-lung sputum specimens suitable for diagnostic purposes. A single dose of INS316 safely improves the ability of patients with mild chronic bronchitis to expectorate a deep-lung sputum specimen suitable for cytologic evaluation.

Calcobutrol, is a new macrocyclic polyhydroxylated gadolinium chelate derivative which can be used as a contrast agent for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and component of Gadavist. Gadavist is a gadolinium-based contrast agent indicated for intravenous use in diagnostic MRI in adults and children (2 years of age and older) to detect and visualize areas with disrupted blood brain barrier (BBB) and/or abnormal vascularity of the central nervous system