Phytic acid is a major phosphorus storage compound of most seeds and cereal grains. It has the strong ability to chelate multivalent metal ions, especially zinc, calcium, and iron. Phytic acid is also considered to be a natural antioxidant and is suggested to have potential functions of reducing lipid peroxidation and as a preservative in foods. Clathrin-associated adaprot complex AP-2 has it been suggested may act as one of the receptor sites for Phytic acid. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated striking anticancer (preventive as well as therapeutic) effects of Phytic acid.

Phytic acid is a major phosphorus storage compound of most seeds and cereal grains. It has the strong ability to chelate multivalent metal ions, especially zinc, calcium, and iron. Phytic acid is also considered to be a natural antioxidant and is suggested to have potential functions of reducing lipid peroxidation and as a preservative in foods. Clathrin-associated adaprot complex AP-2 has it been suggested may act as one of the receptor sites for Phytic acid. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated striking anticancer (preventive as well as therapeutic) effects of Phytic acid.

Methysergide is an oral, synthetic ergot alkaloid, structurally related to the oxytocic agent methylergonovine and to the potent hallucinogen LSD. Methysergide is used prophylactically to reduce the frequency and intensity of severe vascular headaches. Although methysergide is an ergot alkaloid, it is a weak vasoconstrictor and oxytocic. Methysergide is a more potent antagonist of peripheral serotonin receptors than other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is not just a 5HT2 antagonist, it is also a 5HT1 agonist. Although methysergide and sumatriptan both stimulate serotonin receptors centrally, methysergide is intended for prophylaxis while sumatriptan is indicated for treatment of an acute attack. Methysergide was approved by the FDA in 1962. Methysergide was formerly used for prophylaxis of cluster headaches/migraine headaches, but is no longer recommended due to retroperitoneal/retropulmonary fibrosis.

Denatonium, usually available as denatonium benzoate (trade names Bitrex) is the most bitter chemical compound known, with bitterness thresholds of 0.05 ppm for the benzoate and 0.01 ppm for the saccharide. Scientists at Macfarlan Smith, Ltd. of Edinburgh, Scotland discovered Bitrex during research on derivatives of the anesthetic lidocaine. The extremely bitter taste proved effective in reducing ingestion by humans and animals. Denatonium is commonly included in placebo medications used in clinical trials to match the bitter taste of certain medications. Denatonium activates bitter taste receptor, mainly, TAS2R4, TAS2R8, TAS2R10, TAS2R13 on many cell types and plays important roles in chemical release, ciliary beating and smooth muscle relaxation through intracellular Ca(2+)-dependent pathways.

LEVOPROPOXYPHENE is an antitussive drug, one of enantiomer of propoxyphene. Pdropoxyphene is an analgesic in the opioid category, patented in 1955 and manufactured by Eli Lilly and Company. Pdropoxyphene is intended to treat mild pain and also has antitussive (cough suppressant) and local anaesthetic effects.

Denatonium, usually available as denatonium benzoate (trade names Bitrex) is the most bitter chemical compound known, with bitterness thresholds of 0.05 ppm for the benzoate and 0.01 ppm for the saccharide. Scientists at Macfarlan Smith, Ltd. of Edinburgh, Scotland discovered Bitrex during research on derivatives of the anesthetic lidocaine. The extremely bitter taste proved effective in reducing ingestion by humans and animals. Denatonium is commonly included in placebo medications used in clinical trials to match the bitter taste of certain medications. Denatonium activates bitter taste receptor, mainly, TAS2R4, TAS2R8, TAS2R10, TAS2R13 on many cell types and plays important roles in chemical release, ciliary beating and smooth muscle relaxation through intracellular Ca(2+)-dependent pathways.

Attapulgite (magnesium aluminum phyllosilicate) is a clay mineral found in soils common to the Southeastern United States. It is widely used in medicine as an over-the-counter drug for the treatment of diarrhea. Attapulgite acts by physically binding to aacids and toxic substances in the stomach and digestive tract.

Attapulgite (magnesium aluminum phyllosilicate) is a clay mineral found in soils common to the Southeastern United States. It is widely used in medicine as an over-the-counter drug for the treatment of diarrhea. Attapulgite acts by physically binding to aacids and toxic substances in the stomach and digestive tract.

Iopanoic acid and ipodate salts have been used for oral cholangiography to visualize the biliary ducts. Ipodate salts have been used for the long-term treatment of Graves' disease and in hyperthyroidism. Ipodate reduced levels of T3 and T4 in the patients. Ipodate also inhibits the conversion of T4 to T3. It is not considered a first-line approach. Ipodate sodium lacks FDA approval for these uses. During investigation of mechanism of action was discovered, that binding of sodium ipodate with nuclear T3 receptors was not a prominent mechanism via which the drug attenuates T3 effects in vivo. Sodium ipodate could enhance T3 effects at the cellular level and that enhancement could not be reflected by routinely monitored serum TSH.

Pyrrocaine is the amide local anesthetics. It is metabolized to 2,6-xylidine. It was used mainly as an infiltration and nerve block dental anesthetic in the 1960s and favored due to its rapid onset. The potency of pyrrocaine equals that of lidocaine in both sensory and motor nerve blocking. Pyrrocaine provided to be somewhat less toxic than lidocaine. No methemoglobinemia was clinically observed. It has been classified as unsafe for use in acute porphyria. There is no evidence that it is currently used commercially.