Lysing is an essential basic amino-acid encoded by codone AAA and AAG, and used in the biosynthesis of proteins. The daily requirement for lysine is 38 mg/kg body weight. The most rich source of lysine is fish, beef, chicken. In a clinical study lysine supplements was found to be an effective for reduction of occurrence, severity and healing time for recurrent HSV infection, however Cochrane Review concluded that the evidence is insufficient. Lysine was investigated for improving anxiety, ameliorating angina prectoris. Lysine acetylsalicylate has been used to treat pain and to detoxify the body after heroin use. Lysine clonixinate has been used for its analgesic properties for the treatment of migraine headaches and other painful conditions. However, limited clinical trials exist for these conditions.

on as chelating agents in cosmetics. Pentasodium Pentetate is readily soluble in water, but the corresponding free acid is not. Pentasodium Pentetate is used in almost 400 cosmetic products over a wide range of product categories, although it is mostly used in hair dyes and colors at use concentrations of 0.1% to 1.0%. Pentetic Acid and Pentasodium Pentetate inactivate metallic ions, such as calcium and magnesium, to maintain stability and appearance of cosmetic products. The inactivation of other metallic ions such as iron or copper also helps to prevent the oxidative deterioration of cosmetics and personal care products.

Attapulgite (magnesium aluminum phyllosilicate) is a clay mineral found in soils common to the Southeastern United States. It is widely used in medicine as an over-the-counter drug for the treatment of diarrhea. Attapulgite acts by physically binding to aacids and toxic substances in the stomach and digestive tract.

Denatonium, usually available as denatonium benzoate (trade names Bitrex) is the most bitter chemical compound known, with bitterness thresholds of 0.05 ppm for the benzoate and 0.01 ppm for the saccharide. Scientists at Macfarlan Smith, Ltd. of Edinburgh, Scotland discovered Bitrex during research on derivatives of the anesthetic lidocaine. The extremely bitter taste proved effective in reducing ingestion by humans and animals. Denatonium is commonly included in placebo medications used in clinical trials to match the bitter taste of certain medications. Denatonium activates bitter taste receptor, mainly, TAS2R4, TAS2R8, TAS2R10, TAS2R13 on many cell types and plays important roles in chemical release, ciliary beating and smooth muscle relaxation through intracellular Ca(2+)-dependent pathways.

Chloroxylenol is used as a preservative in cooling fluids, cosmetics, topical medications, urinary antiseptics and metal working fluids. Products containing Chloroxylenol are used for cleaning and disinfecting wounds, abrasions and abscesses, for minor cuts and scratches, insect bites, burns, inflammation of the skin. It is also found in hair conditioners, toilet cleaners, deodorants, soaps and paste. New use cases continue to be identified. Chloroxylenol has been shown to be effective at reducing the number of pathogenic bacteria in clinical environments. Chloroxylenol has been reviewed and is permitted for use within the European Union (EU) in cosmetic products and is also permitted for use in a number of topical pharmaceutical products as licensed by the UK Medicines and Health Regulatory Agency. Chloroxylenol could cause mild skin irritation in some individuals, or cause an allergic reaction in others. Developed in Europe in the 1920s and used in the United States since the 1950s, Chloroxylenol is one of the most mature antimicrobial agents

Docusate, also known as docusate salts or dioctyl sulfosuccinate, prevents/relieves dry hard stool and thus is used to treat constipation. Results usually occurs 1 to 3 days after the first dose. In North America, docusate and a stimulant laxative such as sennosides are commonly used in bowel treatment protocols associated with institutionalized elderly and oncology treatments. A paucity of evidence is available to support the use of the stool softener docusate yet it continues to be prescribed in everyday clinical practice for the aforementioned populations. While the actual cost of docusate is low, additional costs associated with its administration (i.e. nursing time) and its widespread use can be significant. Docusate is absorbed into the bloodstream and excreted via the gallbladder after undergoing extensive metabolism. The effect of docusate may not necessarily be all due to its surfactant properties. Perfusion studies suggest that docusate inhibits fluid absorption or stimulates secretion in the portion of the small intestine known as the jejunum

Docusate, also known as docusate salts or dioctyl sulfosuccinate, prevents/relieves dry hard stool and thus is used to treat constipation. Results usually occurs 1 to 3 days after the first dose. In North America, docusate and a stimulant laxative such as sennosides are commonly used in bowel treatment protocols associated with institutionalized elderly and oncology treatments. A paucity of evidence is available to support the use of the stool softener docusate yet it continues to be prescribed in everyday clinical practice for the aforementioned populations. While the actual cost of docusate is low, additional costs associated with its administration (i.e. nursing time) and its widespread use can be significant. Docusate is absorbed into the bloodstream and excreted via the gallbladder after undergoing extensive metabolism. The effect of docusate may not necessarily be all due to its surfactant properties. Perfusion studies suggest that docusate inhibits fluid absorption or stimulates secretion in the portion of the small intestine known as the jejunum

CALCIUM CYCLAMATE, a salt of cyclamic acid, is an artificial sweetener. Cyclamates and its salts (such as calcium cyclamate, sodium cyclamate, magnesium cyclamate, and potassium cyclamate) are currently prohibited from use in the United States.

Trolamine, an organic compound, is the salt formed between triethanolamine and salicylic acid. It is widely used as a topical analgesic. 10% trolamine salicylate medical products sold over-the-counter such as are creams for temporarily relief of minor aches and pains of muscles and joints associated with arthritis, simple backache, lumbago, neuralgia, strains, bruises, and sprains. The FDA approved in 1958 otic solution drops containing triethanolamine polypeptide used in the ear to break down and loosen earwax was discontinued. Trolamine can enhance skin healing by recruiting macrophages and modifying the concentrations of various immunomodulators. Trolamine (Biafine; Genmedix Ltd, France) is commonly prescribed at the beginning of radiotherapy for preventing acute radiation-induced skin toxicity in China. Biafine has been studied in radiodermatitis and Phase 2 clinical trial has been initiated in 2016 by Sun Yat-sen University to establish the efficacy of trolamine (Biafine) for the management of radiation dermatitis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma receiving IMRT.

Cyclamic acid (Cyclamate) is banned in the United States but it is used in many other Western countries without safety concerns. Cyclamate interacts with the sweet taste receptor subunit T1R3 transmembrane domain. Initially it was recommended for use in treatment of obese patients and by individuals with diabetes but in August 27, 1970 FDA concluded that there was no substantial evidence of effectiveness of cyclamate compounds at any level for treatment of obese patients and individuals with diabetes and therefore prohibited continued sale of cyclamate containing products with drug labeling. cyclamate is the putative carcinogenic agent. Cyclamate was tested in the Maximal Electroshock Seizure model (mice, ip), showing moderate anticonvulsant activity.