U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

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Showing 1511 - 1520 of 1523 results

Iodide I-131 (as Sodium iodide I-131) is a radioisotopic drug used for the treatment and palliation of thyroid malignancy. Iodine-131 is notable for causing mutation and death in cells that it penetrates, which is due to its mode of beta decay. Iodide I-131 can be detected by gamma cameras for diagnostic imaging, however, it is rarely administered for diagnostic purposes only, imaging will normally be done following a therapeutic dose. Major uses of 131I include the treatment of thyrotoxicosis (hyperthyroidism) due to Graves' disease, and sometimes hyperactive thyroid nodules (abnormally active thyroid tissue that is not malignant). Iodine-131, in higher doses than for thyrotoxicosis, is used for ablation of remnant thyroid tissue following a complete thyroidectomy to treat thyroid cancer. The 131I isotope is also used as a radioactive label for certain radiopharmaceuticals that can be used for therapy, e.g. 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine for imaging and treating pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma. Because of the carcinogenicity of its beta radiation in the thyroid in small doses, I-131 is rarely used primarily or solely for diagnosis. Instead, the more purely gamma-emitting radioiodine iodine-123 is used in diagnostic testing. The longer half-lived iodine-125 is also occasionally used when a longer half-life radioiodine is needed for diagnosis, and in brachytherapy treatment, where the low-energy gamma radiation without a beta component makes iodine-125 useful.
Delcasertib is a peptide inhibitor of protein kinase C-delta, developed by KAI Pharmaceuticals. Delcasertib disrupts binding of delta-PKC to its receptor for activated C kinase, thereby preventing localization of delta-PKC to the mitochondria during periods of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. In preclinical studies, when given as a single intracoronary dose, delcasertib reduced infarct size, enhanced early recovery of regional left ventricular contractility, and improved microvascular patency and function in animal models of acute myocardial infarction. The compound diminished myocardial necrosis and improved reperfusion in a pilot study during the primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). In a larger clinical trial, however, intravenous infusion of delcasertib during PCI for acute STEMI in a population of patients treated according to the contemporary standard of care did not reduce biomarkers of myocardial injury.
IB-367, a synthetic analog of porcine protegrin, is an antimicrobial peptide. It reduces the local microflora densities and may improve clinical outcomes in patients at risk for the development of oral mucositis.
IB-367, a synthetic analog of porcine protegrin, is an antimicrobial peptide. It reduces the local microflora densities and may improve clinical outcomes in patients at risk for the development of oral mucositis.
Nesiritide is the recombinant form of the 32 amino acid human B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), which is normally produced by the ventricular myocardium. Human BNP binds to the particulate guanylate cyclase receptor of vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells, leading to increased intracellular concentrations of guanosine 3'5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) and smooth muscle cell relaxation. Cyclic GMP serves as a second messenger to dilate veins and arteries. Nesiritid was sold under brand name Natrecor for the intravenous treatment of patients with acutely decompensated congestive heart failure who have dyspnea at rest or with minimal activity.

Showing 1511 - 1520 of 1523 results