Aviptadil, a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, is a vasodilator and lowers blood pressure if administered intravenously. In 2007, the orphan designation was granted by the European Commission for aviptadil for the treatment of sarcoidosis, a disease of unknown cause that affects many organs and tissues, most commonly the lungs. Sarcoidosis is characterized by specific microscopic lesions called granulomas. Aviptadil is able to influence the immune system that decreases the inflammatory processes seen in sarcoidosis by acting on the white blood cells (lymphocytes and monocytes) involved in the formation of the granulomas. In combination with phentolamine, the drug is used to treat erectile dysfunction. In addition, aviptadil has been studied in phase II clinical trials for patients with respiratory distress syndrome.

Rusalatide acetate (also known as chrysalin or TP 508) is a 23-amino acid peptide derived from human prothrombin; it represents part of the receptor-binding domain of the human thrombin molecule. Rusalatide acetate binds to high-affinity thrombin receptors and mimics cellular effects of thrombin at sites of tissue injury. Rusalatide acetate demonstrated safety and potential efficacy in phase I/II clinical trials for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. It interacts with cell surface receptors to stimulate a cascade of cellular and molecular wound healing events, including activation of nitric oxide signaling. In addition, this drug participated in phase II clinical trial to determine the effectiveness of four doses for treating broken wrists in adults. However, this study was terminated because the drug did not demonstrate benefit compared to placebo. Rusalatide acetate was also studied as a cardiovascular drug. However, in January 2012, Capstone discontinued the development of rusalatide, for financial reasons. Recent studies show that a single injection of TP508 (rusalatide acetate) administered 24 h after irradiation significantly increases survival and delays mortality in murine models of acute radiation mortality. Thus, this drug is being developed as a potential nuclear countermeasure.

Aclerastide (DSC-127; NorLeu-3-A(1-7)) is an angiotensin analogue that is being developed by Derma Sciences (a subsidiary of Integra LifeSciences) for the treatment for wounds such as diabetic foot ulcer and surgical scars. The mechanisms of action include induction of progenitor proliferation, accelerated vascularization, collagen deposition, and re-epithelialization. Aclerastide recently failed in phase III clinical trials for treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Phase I development of aclerastide ophthalmic solution is ongoing in the US.