FLOTRENIZINE, a diarylmethylpiperazine derivative, is an antihistaminic agent.

Setastine (Loderix) is a potent antagonist of histamine H1-receptor mediated responses. Setastine inhibits anaphylactic shock in guinea-pigs sensitized by horse serum. No antiserotonin, anticholinergic and antiadrenergic effect of the compound can be detected. Setastine has a long lasting (up to 16 h) antihistamine effect with a good oral effectiveness. It shows no cardiovascular effects in cats. Setastine shows a much weaker CNS depressant activity than clemestine fumarate. In displacement studies (3H-mepyramine) setastine had significantly weaker affinity for the central nervous system (CNS) H1-receptors than clemastine fumarate. It is concluded that setastine is a non-sedative highly active H1-antagonist.

Moxastine is a diarylmethane derivative with an antihistamine and anticholinergic activities.

ISOCROMIL, a chromone, is an antiallergic agent. It is a mediator release inhibitor used for the treatment of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and as an anti-asthmatic.

Betulinic acid (BA) is a plant-derived pentacyclic triterpenoid that exerts potent anti-cancer effects in vitro and in vivo. It`s anticancer property is linked to its ability to induce apoptotic cell death in cancer cells by triggering the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. In contrast to the cytotoxicity of betulinic acid against a variety of cancer types, normal cells and tissue are relatively resistant to betulinic acid, pointing to a therapeutic window. Compounds that exert a direct action on mitochondria present promising experimental cancer therapeutics, since they may trigger cell death under circumstances in which standard chemotherapeutics fail. Thus, mitochondrion-targeted agents such as betulinic acid hold great promise as a novel therapeutic strategy in the treatment of human cancers. Betulinic acid has antiretroviral, antimalarial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Betulinic acid exerts its inhibitory effect by preventing topoisomerase I-DNA interaction as a result of which the 'cleavable complex' is not formed. In consequence, it also acts as an antagonist to camptothecin-mediated cleavage. The antitumor pharmacological effects of BA consist of triggering apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway, regulating the cell cycle and the angiogenic pathway via factors, including specificity protein transcription factors, cyclin D1 and epidermal growth factor receptor, inhibiting the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and nuclear factor‑κB signaling pathways, preventing the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells, and affecting the expression of topoisomerase I, p53 and lamin B1. Betulinic Acid has also been used in trials studying the treatment of Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome. Betulinic acid acts as anti-melanoma agent through inhibiting aminopeptidase N activity with IC50 of 7.3 uM. Betulinic acid is an inhibitor of HIV-1 with EC50 of 1.4 uM.

Carabestine is the active first-pass metabolite of Ebastine and acts as a histamine H1 receptor antagonist which has been investigated as a potential allergy medication. Ebastine is marketed under a number of brand names.

Linetastine has anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic effects. It is a potent inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase. It also inhibits histamine release and epidermal cyclooxygenase activity. It also markedly inhibited TPA-stimulated leukotriene B4 formation, but inhibited formation of prostaglandin E2, a cyclooxygenase product, only slightly. This suggested that neither cyclooxygenase inhibition nor antihistaminic activity were essential to the anti-inflammatory action of linetastine. The anti-inflammatory effect of oral linetastine is probably due to 5-lipoxygenase inhibition. Oral administration of linetastine almost completely suppressed Cyp1a1 mRNA levels in mouse epidermis induced by a topical application of 3-methylcholanthrene or benzo[a]pyrene to mouse skin. Oral administration of linetastine inhibited DMBA-caused skin tumor initiation at least in part by inhibiting Cyp1a1 mRNA induction and epidermal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity. Linetastine had been in phase II clinical trial for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. However, this study was discontinued.

Octasine is an antihistamine agent that has never been marketed.

Nosantine (NPT 15392) is a novel heterocyclic immunomodulatory compound related to inosine in structure and isoprinosine in action. Nosantine enhances a variety of lymphoid functional activities including proliferative responses to various antigenic and mitogenic stimuli. Such activities imply potential therapeutic use in immunodeficiency related to defects of the thymus and thymus-derived lymphocytes. In head and neck cancer patients the drug induced transitory, immune stimulation during or after treatment without any side effects. NPT 15392 seemed to selectively exert an action on T lymphocytes. Nosantine was found to be a potent and relatively selective inhibitor of mouse lymphocyte cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase, with IC50 values 15-180 times greater for cyclic AMP than cyclic GMP phosphodiesterases. Immunopharmacologic activities of NPT 15392 may include specific cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase inhibition as one of several possible mechanisms.

Dimetholizine has antihypertensive activity. It is an antihistaminic agent too. Histamine H1 receptor was predicted as a primary target for dimetholizine. Moreover, it was found to bind the Dopamine D2 and 5-HT1A receptors. Dimetholizine was predicted to be alpha1D-Adrenergic blocker.