Acid Red 87, also known as Eosin Y, used as an acidic red stain for cell cytoplasm and as a background stain, thereby giving contrast to the nuclear stains. In histopathology, it is applied as a counterstain after hematoxylin and before methylene blue. Acid Red 87 is also a dye photosensitizer that catalyzes electron-transfer reaction for efficient regeneration of NADH through a photosensitizer-electron relay dyad. Recently was shown that the combination of eosin Y with light-emitting diode produced bacterial inactivation, being a potential candidate for photodynamic inactivation.

Salcaprozate sodium (SNAC), an oral absorption promoter that was discovered as part of a screen to identify carrier-based permeation enhancers (Pes) that could “chaperone” poorly permeable payloads across the intestine. Its potential therapeutic application as a delivery agent was tested in many formats: taste-masked liquids, tablets, and soft gelatin capsules. SNAC is the most extensively tested carrier and the only PE approved in an oral formulation designed to improve oral bioavailabilities. The mechanism of action of this compound is not clear. However, Novo Nordisk offered a mechanism of action for SNAC in its non-enteric coated tablet of the glucagon-like peptide 1 analog, semaglutide. SNAC formed a complex around the semaglutide in the stomach and caused a transient increase in local pH around the molecule. It is claimed that semaglutide is protected against pepsin by SNAC and that solubility was increased, resulting in an increased concentration-dependent flux of semaglutide across the gastric mucosa, using a transcellular mechanism as the tablet comes in intimate contact with the epithelium. Clinical trials for patients with Type 2 Diabetes have shown that the oral semaglutide co-formulated with 300 mg SNAC could be used for further clinical development.

Egtazic acid or EGTA is widely used for biological research as a chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium ions.

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a multifunctional intercellular phospholipid messenger. LPA stimulates the growth of a variety of cells including fibroblasts, vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and keratinocytes. It is produced in relatively high levels from activated platelets and can be detected in bodily fluids including serum, saliva, follicular fluid, and malignant effusions. LPA acts as a proliferative and anti-apoptotic factor and is a ligand for LPA1 (EDG-2), LPA2 (EDG-4) and LPA3 (EDG-7) receptors. The plasma LPA level can be a useful marker for ovarian cancer, particularly in the early stages of the disease. It is known, that the therapeutic administration of LPA also blocked APAP-induced liver damage, leading to an increased survival rate by increasing the glutathione level but decreasing inflammatory cytokines in an LPA1,3,5-independent manner. Thus, LPA might be an important therapeutic agent for drug-induced liver injury. In addition, was shown, that LPA levels in plasma and ascites may be useful diagnostic biomarkers for peritoneal carcinomatosis of gastric cancer.

Uric acid, generated from the metabolism of purines, has proven and emerging roles in human disease. Humans produce large quantities of uric acid. Excess serum accumulation of uric acid can lead to a type of arthritis known as gout. Hyperuricemia may increase risk factors for cardiovascular disease. High serum uric acid was associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes and other diseases.

Disodiurn salt of Arsonoacetic acid has been used in veterinary to treat anaplasmosis (babesiasis); as general stimulant in nervous disease; for eclampsia of bitches, and with adjuncts in chronic eczema and follicular mange. Arsonoacetic acid has not featured much in human medicine, a Chinese patent however, was filed in 2003 for arsonoacetic acid and its methyl or ethyl derivatives as chemotherapeutic drugs again liver cancer.