Sodium gualenate (Azunol ST Tablets) is a water-soluble derivative of azulene, a natural product which is an antiinflammatory component of chamomile of the family of Asteraceae. Sodium gualenate was originally studied as an antiulcer agent, is primary indicated in conditions like Duodenal ulcer, Gastric ulcer, Gastritis, but it is also clinically used as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of inflammation of the mouth and throat, for example, pharyngitis as well as other inflammatory diseases such as tonsillitis, stomatitis and conjunctivitis. Although the mechanism by which sodium azulene sulfonate inhibited the capsaicin-induced pharyngitis is not yet unraveled, antioxidative effect, but not inhibitory effect on cyclooxygenase pathway, might be involved.

Aceneuramic acid (also known as N-Acetylneuraminic Acid, Neu5Ac, the UX 001 tablets) prolonged released had been filed a marketing authorization application with the European Medicines Agency by Ultragenyx in the EU for the treatment of hereditary inclusion body myopathy (HIBM), a rare, progressive muscle-wasting disease. This compound, a muscle protein stimulant, is also in phase II of the clinical trial for the treatment thrombocytopenia. In addition, recently was made studies, which had shown, that existed the significant positive correlation between serum and salivary sialic acid levels in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients.

Hypotaurine (2-aminoethane sulinic acid) is the immediate precursor of taurine (2-aminoethane sulfonic acid) which is one of the most abundant free amino acids in the central nervous system. Although hypotaurine and taurine are mainly supplied from blood plasma across the blood-brain barrier in the brain, they are also synthesized from cysteine and cysteamine by astrocytes and neurons. Hypotaurine acts as an endogenous neurotransmitter via action on the glycine receptors. It was shown, that hypotaurine might be used as an effective therapeutics for orofacial pain. Also in vitro studies were conducted to show that hypotaurine activates hypoxia signaling through the competitive inhibition of prolyl hydroxylase domain-2. Moreover, was made a suggestion, that the hypotaurine metabolic pathway may provide a potential new target for glioblastoma diagnosis and therapy.

Rosmarinic acid (α-o-caffeoyl-3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid; RA) is a naturally occurring hydroxylated compound commonly found in species of the subfamily Nepetoideae of the Lamiaceae and Boraginaceae, such as Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia officinalis, and Perilla frutescens. RA is biosynthesized from the amino acids L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine by eight enzymes that include phenylalanine ammonia lyase and cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase. Recently, RA and its derivatives have attracted interest for their biological activities, which include anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-angiogenic, anti-tumor, and anti-microbial functions. Clinically, RA attenuates T cell receptor-mediated signaling, attenuates allergic diseases like allergic rhinitis and asthma, and 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis-like symptoms, protects from neurotoxicity, and slows the development of Alzheimer's disease. Rosmarinic Acid seems to be able to suppress 5-lipoxygenase and 5-HETE synthesis (a pro-inflammatory compound in the omega-6 metabolic chain). Rosmarinic acid appeared to be effective in suppressing allergies in a dose-dependent manner, with 30% of the placebo group reporting symptom relief compared to 55.6% of the 50mg group and 70% of the 200mg group.

Fulvic acid is primarily studied for its effects on plants and soil. Fulvic acid is an organic and natural electrolyte. Depending on the situation, Fulvic acid can act as an electron donor or acceptor and an oxidizer or reducer. Fulvic acid has exhibited the ability to enhance the availability and adsorption of nutrients as well as prolong their time of residence. In the chick animal model Fulvic acid disturbed the processing of procollagen II in articular cartilage. Fulvic acid has being shown to attenuate homocysteine-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human monocytes. Fulvic acid, the main active principle of Shilajit (a natural substance found mainly in the Himalayas), blocks tau self-aggregation, opening an avenue toward the study of Alzheimer's therapy. People take fulvic acid by mouth for brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, as well as respiratory tract infections, cancer, fatigue, heavy metal toxicity, and preventing a condition in which the body tissues do not receive enough oxygen (hypoxia).